Video 2

Basic Vocabulary of External Body Parts

Introduction to Body Parts Vocabulary

• The video introduces basic vocabulary related to external body parts, starting with the head. The term "head" derives from the Greek word "céfal," which is linked to various terms associated with this part of the body, such as "encéfalo" (brain) that refers to what is inside the head.

Facial Features and Their Origins

• The face comes from the Greek word "prosop," originally meaning mask or facade, evolving into its current meaning. An example includes "prosopalgia," which denotes facial pain. Additionally, Latin roots like "faciés" contribute to terms related to the face.

• The ear originates from the Greek word for ear and has a root in "ot," leading to medical terms like "otitis," an inflammation of this part. Similarly, the eye's Greek root is "OP," meaning visible, used in words like "optometrist."

Eye and Eyelid Terminology

• In ancient Greece, eyelids were referred to as “blefar,” giving rise to terms such as “blefaroespasmo,” indicating spasmodic contraction of the eyelid. Conversely, Latin uses “palpebra” for eyelids, leading to medical terminology like “palpebritis.”

• The nose derives from the Greek root “rin,” seen in terms like “rinoplastía” (nose surgery). Latin contributions include “nasus” and adjectives relating to nasal structures. For lips, Greeks used “kale,” forming words like “keilitis” (lip inflammation).

Mouth and Neck Terminology

• The mouth is referred to by several roots: Greek “estom” leads to terms such as “estomatología,” while Latin roots provide adjectives like bucal for oral-related discussions. The neck comes from Latin “cervix,” influencing medical terminology such as cervicales (related to neck).

Upper Body Terms: Shoulders and Chest

• Shoulder terminology stems from both Greek (“om”) and Latin (“humerus”), with medical references including homartrosis (shoulder joint rheumatism). The chest’s origin lies in Greek (“tórax”), leading to surgical terms like toracoplastia (rib removal).

Breast and Abdomen Vocabulary

• Breast-related vocabulary includes Greek origins ("más") leading to medical imaging techniques such as mastografía; similarly derived are terms from Latin ("mama"). For abdomen, both Greek ("la par") and Latin ("abdomen") roots form relevant medical terminologies including laparoscopía (visual examination of abdominal cavity).

Arm Structure: Elbow and Forearm

• Arm terminology arises from Greek (“braqui”) while elbow references come from both ancient languages—Greek (“ancón”) indicating arm bend—and Latin (“cubitus”). Medical conditions related include anconitis (elbow joint inflammation) derived from these roots.

Lower Body Terms: Hips and Legs

• Hip terminology originates in Latin with words like coxa; conditions such as coxalgia refer specifically to hip pain. Leg vocabulary traces back through various linguistic routes including cruris for leg-related discussions involving devices measuring hip-leg relationships.

Foot Terminology

• Foot-related vocabulary stems from both Greek ("pot") leading into podología (foot disease specialist) alongside Latin influences where pedis forms words describing foot ailments such as pedalgia (foot pain).

This structured summary provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts discussed regarding body parts' vocabulary origins throughout different segments of time within the transcript.

Medical Terminology Origins Related to Pain

Etymology of Foot Pain and Related Terms

• The term "calcaneus," referring to the heel, derives from classical Latin meaning "heel." This highlights the connection between language and anatomy in medical terminology.

• Medical terms like "calcáneo" (calcaneus) are rooted in this Latin origin, emphasizing the importance of etymology in understanding anatomical references.

• In discussing male anatomy, the term for penis comes from the Latin word "penis," illustrating how historical language influences modern medical vocabulary.

• The Greek root "post" is used in medical terminology related to the foreskin, leading to terms such as "postitis," which refers to inflammation of the foreskin.

• These linguistic connections underscore how ancient languages contribute significantly to contemporary medical nomenclature.