⚔️ La EDAD MODERNA en ESPAÑA RESUMEN ⚔️ [ para NIÑOS de PRIMARIA ]

Historical Overview from the Discovery of America to the French Revolution

The Beginning of the Modern Age

• The discussion begins with a historical overview from Christopher Columbus's discovery of America in 1492 to the French Revolution in 1789, marking this period as the Modern Age.

• The marriage of Isabel of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 led to territorial expansion, including the conquest of Granada in 1492.

Humanism and Artistic Developments

• A new way of thinking emerged during this time known as Humanism, placing humans at the center of culture and science.

• Between the 15th and 16th centuries, Renaissance art flourished, inspired by Greek and Roman ideals.

Columbus's Voyage and Spanish Expansion

• Columbus set sail with three ships on October 12, 1492, believing he could reach Asia by sailing west but instead discovered America.

• Spain became a powerful empire; Spanish language and religion spread across America alongside significant trade growth.

Key Monarchs and Military Conflicts

• Charles I (also known as Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor) was a pivotal figure during Spain's rise to power. His reign saw military victories against France and Turkey.

• The decline began in the 17th century due to wars leading to financial strain; Philip III ruled under Duke de Lerma while Philip IV faced challenges during the Thirty Years' War.

Cultural Flourishing: The Golden Age

• The Baroque artistic style emerged in Italy during the 17th century, coinciding with Spain’s cultural Golden Age characterized by literary achievements from authors like Miguel de Cervantes.

• Notable artists included Diego Velázquez and Bartolomé Esteban Murillo; architecture thrived with figures like Pedro de Ribera.

Transition into Enlightenment Ideas

• The War of Succession led to a new Bourbon dynasty starting with Philip V in 1700, who established absolutist governance.