The CONSTITUTION [APUSH Review Unit 3 Topic 9 (3.9)] Period 3: 1754-1800

Understanding the Constitution: Federalism and Separation of Powers

Introduction to the Constitution

• The video discusses the transition from the Articles of Confederation to the U.S. Constitution, emphasizing its role as America's new governing document.

• Delegates convened in Philadelphia in 1787 at the Constitutional Convention, where they debated and compromised to create a stronger federal government.

Key Themes of the Constitution

Federalism

• Federalism is defined as the sharing of power between national and state governments, not one being more powerful than the other.

• It’s crucial for students to understand that federalism does not imply dominance of federal over state authority; rather, it emphasizes shared governance.

Supremacy Clause and Enumerated Powers

• Article VI introduces the supremacy clause, stating that national law prevails over state law when there is a conflict.

• The enumerated powers outlined in Article I Section 8 grant specific authorities to Congress, such as declaring war, which can override state decisions.

Tenth Amendment

• The Tenth Amendment reserves powers not delegated to the federal government for states, allowing them control over areas like marriage laws.

Separation of Powers

Structure of Government

• The Constitution establishes three branches: legislative (makes laws), executive (enforces laws), and judicial (interprets laws).

• Although initially less emphasized, future discussions will highlight how the Supreme Court gained significant influence within this framework.

Checks and Balances

• Each branch has mechanisms to check others' powers; for instance, Congress can override a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority vote.

Human Nature and Governance