Minibiografía: Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla: A Revolutionary Figure

Early Life and Education

• Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was born in 1753 to Cristóbal, an administrator. He began ecclesiastical studies at the age of 12, eventually earning a bachelor's degree in arts and later becoming a priest.

• For nearly 20 years, Hidalgo served as the rector of San Nicolás College. During this time, Spain faced financial difficulties that affected its colonies.

The Path to Independence

• In 1804, King Charles IV of Spain converted debts owed to the church into immediate payments. This decision contributed to growing unrest among Mexicans.

• Hidalgo became involved with a group of conspirators in Querétaro who sought greater autonomy from Spanish rule. Their ambitions evolved beyond mere autonomy for New Spain.

The Insurrection Begins

• On September 16, Hidalgo led an uprising against Spanish authorities, capturing Spaniards and rallying support from various groups including Criollos (Mexican-born Spaniards).

• His forces grew rapidly; however, maintaining control over his army proved challenging due to losses suffered during battles.

Challenges and Setbacks

• After significant military engagements, including the Battle of Calderón in early 1811, Hidalgo's leadership faced severe challenges as many key figures were captured or killed.

• Ultimately, Miguel Hidalgo was executed in 1811 after being subjected to both ecclesiastical and civil trials. His sacrifice is remembered as pivotal in Mexico's fight for independence.

Reflection on Sacrifice