Free CCNA | IPv4 Addressing (Part 1) | Day 7 | CCNA 200-301 Complete Course

Name: Free CCNA | IPv4 Addressing (Part 1) | Day 7 | CCNA 200-301 Complete Course
Uploaded: 2019-11-29T19:00:01.000Z
Duration: 1 h 20 min 21 s

Welcome to Jeremy’s IT Lab

This section introduces the course and encourages viewers to subscribe and engage with the series. It also mentions the availability of Anki flashcards for further learning.

Course Introduction

Jeremy's IT Lab is a free, complete course for the CCNA 200-301.

Viewers are encouraged to subscribe, like, comment, and share the videos.

Anki flashcards are available for download to aid in remembering what is learned.

Expanding Horizon: LANs vs. Different LANs

This section explains the transition from Ethernet LAN switching within a single network (LAN) to forwarding traffic between different networks (LANs). It introduces Layer 3 of the OSI model and its characteristics.

Transitioning to Layer 3

Traffic forwarding between different LANs involves moving up from Layer 2 (data link layer) to Layer 3 (network layer) of the OSI model.

Layer 3 provides connectivity between end hosts on different networks outside of the local area network.

Logical addressing using IP addresses is introduced at Layer 3, while MAC addresses are used at Layer 2.

Path selection between source and destination is a key functionality of Layer 3.

Routers operate at Layer 3 and will be discussed more in upcoming videos.

Layer 3 Addresses: IP Addresses

This section focuses on logical Layer 3 addresses, specifically IP addresses. The concept of networks and subnets is introduced.

Understanding IP Addresses

The video revisits a network diagram previously used for Ethernet LAN switching examples.

PCs connected by switches within a network have IP addresses in the same Layer 3 network (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24).

Switches connect and expand networks, but do not separate different networks.

IP addresses are logical addresses assigned to devices when configured, unlike MAC addresses which are assigned during device manufacturing.

The first three groups of numbers in an IP address represent the network itself, while the last group represents the end hosts (PCs) on the network.

The notation "/24" indicates that the first three groups of numbers represent the network.

Broadcasting and Routing

This section explores how broadcasting works within a LAN and how it is limited by routers when crossing between LANs. It also introduces the concept of routing.

Broadcasting and Routers

When a broadcast frame is sent within a LAN, switches forward it to all interfaces except the one it was received on.

Introducing a router between switches splits PCs into different networks (LANs).

Each network has its own IP address range (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24 for one network and 192.168.2.0/24 for another).

Routers require an IP address for each network they connect to.

Broadcast frames are limited to the local network and do not cross routers unless specifically configured.

Understanding IP Addresses: IPv4 Header

This section provides an overview of IPv4 addressing by examining the IPv4 header structure.

Examining IPv4 Header

The IPv4 header contains various fields, but focus is given to source and destination IP addresses.

Both source and destination IP addresses are 32-bits or 4 bytes in length.

A chart from Wikipedia illustrates the structure of an IPv4 header.

Timestamps were not provided for some sections in this transcript.

Understanding Binary and Decimal Numbers

In this section, the speaker introduces binary numbers and explains how they are written using 0s and 1s. The concept of decimal numbers is also reviewed, along with a brief explanation of hexadecimal numbers.

Introduction to Binary Numbers

Binary numbers consist of only 0s and 1s.

IP addresses are written in dotted decimal format, which uses four decimal numbers separated by dots.

Binary is difficult for humans to read, so IP addresses are written in dotted decimal format.

Decimal and Hexadecimal Review

Decimal numbers use base 10, where each digit increases by a factor of 10.

Hexadecimal numbers use base 16, where each digit increases by a factor of 16.

Examples of converting decimal to hexadecimal:

Decimal number 3294 is written as C D E in hexadecimal.

Each digit represents a power of 16.

Converting Binary to Decimal

Binary is base 2, meaning each digit doubles in value.

Example: Converting binary number 11 00 00 00 to decimal:

Start with the rightmost digit (1) and double its value successively:

(1 x 2 = 2), (2 x 2 =4), (4 x 2 =8), (8 x2 =16), (16 x2 =32), (32 x2 =64), (64 x2 =128).

Add the values together: (128 +64) equals to the original decimal number, which is 192.

Converting Decimal to Binary

Example: Converting decimal number 221 to binary:

Start with the largest power of two that fits into the given number (128).

Subtract that value from the given number until reaching zero or unable to subtract.

Write a 1 for each successful subtraction and a 0 for unsuccessful ones.

Example calculation: 221 - 128 = 93, 93 - 64 = 29, 29 -16 =13, 13-8=5,5-4=1.

The binary representation is obtained by writing the corresponding digits (1s and 0s) from left to right.

Practice Conversions

Additional examples of converting binary to decimal and decimal to binary are provided in the video.

Viewers are encouraged to practice these conversions on their own.

Converting Binary Octets to Decimal

This section focuses on converting binary octets (groups of eight bits) into decimal numbers. The speaker provides step-by-step instructions and examples for this conversion process.

Converting Binary Octets to Decimal

An octet refers to a group of eight bits.

Example: Converting binary octet "10 00 11 11" to decimal:

Assign values (powers of two) above each bit:

Starting from the leftmost bit: (128,64,32,16).

Add up the values corresponding to each "1" bit: (128 +16 +8 +4 +2 +1 =143).

The resulting sum is the equivalent decimal number.

More Examples

Additional examples of converting binary octets to decimal are provided in the video.

Viewers are encouraged to practice these conversions on their own.

Converting Decimal Numbers to Binary

In this section, the speaker explains how to convert decimal numbers into binary. Step-by-step instructions and examples are provided for this conversion process.

Converting Decimal Numbers to Binary

Start with the largest power of two that fits into the given decimal number.

Subtract that value and continue with the next largest power of two until reaching zero or unable to subtract.

Write a 1 for each successful subtraction and a 0 for unsuccessful ones.

Example: Converting decimal number 221 to binary:

Subtracting powers of two successively: (128,64,32,16,8).

Writing a 1 for each successful subtraction and a 0 for unsuccessful ones: "11 01 11 00".

More Examples

Additional examples of converting decimal numbers to binary are provided in the video.

Viewers are encouraged to practice these conversions on their own.

Conclusion

The speaker concludes the video by summarizing the concepts covered in this lesson and encourages viewers to practice converting between binary and decimal numbers.

Recap

Binary numbers consist of only 0s and 1s, while decimal numbers use base 10.

IP addresses are written in dotted decimal format for easier human readability.

Hexadecimal numbers use base 16 and can be converted from/to decimal using powers of sixteen.

Practice Makes Perfect

Viewers are encouraged to practice converting between binary and decimal numbers on their own.

Additional practice exercises may be available in the accompanying quiz or study materials.

Decimal to Binary Conversion

In this section, the process of converting decimal numbers to binary is explained.

Decimal to Binary Conversion Steps

Subtract powers of 2 from the given decimal number and write down the corresponding binary digit.

Start with the largest power of 2 that is less than or equal to the decimal number.

Repeat the process until all powers of 2 have been considered.

Write down the binary digits obtained in reverse order.

Example: Decimal 207 to Binary Conversion

An example of converting decimal number 207 to binary is demonstrated.

Steps for Converting Decimal 207 to Binary

Subtract 128 from 207 and write a 1 under 128.

Subtract 64 from the remaining value (79) and write a 1 under 64.

Continue subtracting powers of 2 until reaching a remainder of zero.

Write down the corresponding binary digits for each subtraction result.

Range of Possible Numbers in Binary Representation

The range of possible numbers that can be represented with an eight-bit binary representation is discussed.

Range Calculation for Eight-Bit Binary Representation

The maximum value that can be represented with eight bits is obtained by adding all powers of two up to eight bits (128 + 64 + ... +1).

The minimum value is always zero when all bits are set to zero.

Therefore, an eight-bit binary representation can represent values ranging from zero (00000000) to 255 (11111111).

Network Portion and Host Portion in IPv4 Address

The concept of network portion and host portion in an IPv4 address is explained.

Understanding Network Portion and Host Portion

An IPv4 address is composed of 32 bits.

The network portion represents the network to which the device belongs, while the host portion identifies the specific device within that network.

The division between the network and host portions is determined by a subnet mask or prefix length.

In CIDR notation, /24 indicates that the first 24 bits represent the network portion, and the remaining 8 bits represent the host portion.

Example: Network Portion and Host Portion Calculation

An example of calculating the network portion and host portion in an IPv4 address is provided.

Steps for Calculating Network Portion and Host Portion

Determine the prefix length or subnet mask associated with an IPv4 address.

Count the number of bits assigned to the network portion based on the prefix length.

Subtract this count from 32 to obtain the number of bits in the host portion.

Divide the IP address into octets and assign each octet to either network or host based on bit allocation.

IP Address Structure in a Local Network

The structure of IP addresses in a local network is explained using examples.

IP Address Structure in a Local Network

In a local network, devices share a common network portion while having unique host portions.

Devices within a local area network (LAN) have identical network portions but different host portions.

IP addresses are written in dotted decimal format for easier human readability.

Examples of IP addresses in a small local network are provided.

Classful Addressing: Class A, B, C

Classful addressing system for IPv4 addresses is introduced, focusing on classes A, B, and C.

Classes of IPv4 Addresses

IPv4 addresses are divided into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E.

Class A addresses have a first octet range from 0 to 127.

Class B addresses have a first octet range from 128 to 191.

Class C addresses have a first octet range from 192 to 223.

Classes D and E are reserved for special purposes.

Example: Converting Binary Bits into IPv4 Address

An example of converting binary bits into an IPv4 address is demonstrated.

Steps for Converting Binary Bits into IPv4 Address

Divide the 32-bit binary representation into four octets.

Convert each octet into decimal form using the binary-to-decimal conversion method.

Write down the four decimal values separated by dots to represent the IPv4 address.

Example: Converting Binary Bits into IPv4 Address (Part 2)

Another example of converting binary bits into an IPv4 address is provided.

Steps for Converting Binary Bits into IPv4 Address (Part 2)

Divide the 32-bit binary representation into four octets.

Convert each octet into decimal form using the binary-to-decimal conversion method.

Determine the network portion and host portion based on the given prefix length or subnet mask.

Classful Addressing: Class D and E

The remaining classes of classful addressing system for IPv4 addresses, class D and class E, are briefly mentioned.

Reserved Classes in Classful Addressing

Class D addresses are reserved for multicast addresses.

Multicast is a separate type of address used for specific communication purposes.

Class E addresses are reserved for experimental uses and not commonly used in regular networks.

New Section

This section discusses IP addresses and their classifications based on the network portion length.

IP Address Classes and Prefix Lengths

Class A, B, and C IP addresses have different prefix lengths: /8 for class A, /16 for class B, and /24 for class C.

The prefix length identifies the length of the network portion of the address.

Examples of IP addresses in each class are provided to demonstrate how their prefix lengths match the table.

Class A addresses have fewer possible network addresses but can accommodate many hosts per network.

Class C addresses have more possible networks but fewer hosts per network.

New Section

This section provides a chart displaying the number of bits in the network and host portions of IP addresses for each class.

Chart Comparing Network Portion Bits

The chart displays the leading bits column, size of network number bit field, and size of rest bit field for each IP address class.

Class A has 8 bits in the network portion and 24 bits in the host portion.

Class B has 16 bits in the network portion and 16 bits in the host portion.

Class C has 24 bits in the network portion and 8 bits in the host portion.

New Section

This section discusses the number of possible networks and hosts for each IP address class.

Number of Networks and Hosts

Class A allows approximately 128 possible networks with around 16.7 million hosts per network.

Class B allows about 16,000 networks with approximately 65,000 hosts per network.

Class C allows around 2 million networks with up to 256 hosts per network (excluding reserved addresses).

New Section

This section explains the different ways of representing prefix lengths.

Prefix Length Notations

The slash notation (e.g., /8, /16, /24) is a newer and simpler way of representing prefix lengths.

Juniper network devices use the slash notation, while Cisco devices still use the older dotted decimal netmask notation.

Dotted decimal netmasks represent the network portion with 1s and the host portion with 0s.

Examples of netmasks for class A, B, and C addresses are provided.

New Section

This section discusses network and broadcast addresses in IP addressing.

Network and Broadcast Addresses

An IP address with a host portion of all 0s represents the network address.

The network address cannot be assigned to a host.

The first usable address in a network is one above the network address.

An IP address with a host portion of all 1s represents the broadcast address.

The broadcast address cannot be assigned to a host but is used to send packets to all hosts on the local network.

New Section

This section explains how packets sent to the broadcast address are encapsulated in frames.

Destination MAC Address for Broadcast Packets

When a packet is sent to the broadcast IP address, it will have an Ethernet frame with an all F's (broadcast) MAC Address as its destination MAC Address.

If PC1 sends a ping to 192.168.1.255 (broadcast IP), it will be received by PC2 and R1's G0/0 interface.

New Section

In this section, the instructor discusses IPv4 addresses and their components, including the network portion and host portion. The different ways of indicating the length of the network prefix are also explained, along with the concepts of network address and broadcast address.

Understanding IPv4 Addresses

IPv4 addresses consist of a network portion and a host portion.

Hosts on the same network have the same network portion but a unique host portion.

IPv4 address classes determine how to indicate the length of the network prefix.

The length of the network prefix can be indicated using a slash or by using a netmask.

The network address has a host portion of all 0s and is used to identify the network itself.

The broadcast address has a host portion of all 1s and is used to send network traffic to all hosts on the network.

New Section

Before moving on to the quiz, it is recommended to download and use flashcards for better retention. The quiz will focus exclusively on converting IPv4 addresses between binary and dotted decimal notation.

Quiz: Converting IPv4 Addresses

There will be 10 questions in total for converting IPv4 addresses between binary and dotted decimal notation.

Question 1: Convert an IPv4 address to dotted decimal notation (Answer: 63.56.231.19).

Question 2: Convert an IPv4 address to dotted decimal notation (Answer: 243.127.98.1).

Question 3: Convert an IPv4 address to dotted decimal notation (Answer: 111.6.89.199).

Question 4: Convert an IPv4 address to dotted decimal notation (Answer: 207.198.47.76).

Question 5: Convert an IPv4 address to dotted decimal notation (Answer: 100.201.33.253).

Question 6: Convert an IPv4 address to binary notation (Answer: 01011000.00101110.01011010.01011011).

Question 7: Convert an IPv4 address to binary notation (Answer: 11011101.11101010.11110110.10100011).

Question 8: Convert an IPv4 address to binary notation (Answer: 00000011.00101001.10001111.11011110).

Question 9: Convert an IPv4 address to binary notation (Answer: 00001010.11001000.11100111.01011011).

Question 10: Convert an IPv4 address to binary notation (Answer: 11111000.01010111.11111111.10011000).

New Section

After the quiz, supplementary materials will be available for further review, including flashcards using Anki and a packet tracer practice lab.

Review and Supplementary Materials

Flashcards using Anki are recommended for reviewing the topics covered in this lesson.

A packet tracer practice lab will be provided in Part 2's video for hands-on practice.

Good luck with your studies and don't forget to subscribe, like, comment, and share the video.

The remaining part of the transcript does not contain relevant information for note-taking purposes.