⚡RESPIRACIÓN CELULAR(en 3 minutos) glucolisis y ciclo de krebs GUÍA UNAM
Understanding Cellular Respiration
Overview of Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration is the process by which the body extracts energy from food, including carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The digestive system plays a crucial role in breaking down food into macromolecules.
- Carbohydrates, particularly glucose, provide more energy compared to proteins and lipids. Cellular respiration involves enzymes that break chemical bonds in glucose to release energy.
Types of Respiration
- Anaerobic Respiration: This process occurs without oxygen and involves the reduction of glucose for energy. It is primarily found in certain prokaryotic organisms like bacteria.
- Aerobic Respiration: Involves a series of reactions where pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted into carbon dioxide and water, producing large amounts of ATP with the presence of oxygen.
Phases of Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration consists of two main phases:
- Glycolysis: Takes place in the cytoplasm under anaerobic conditions; starts with one glucose molecule.
- Krebs Cycle: Occurs when oxygen is present; pyruvate enters mitochondria for further processing.
Glycolysis Process
- Glycolysis results in:
- Production of 2 pyruvate molecules,
- Generation of 2 ATP and 2 NADH.
- The pyruvate can either undergo lactic fermentation or alcoholic fermentation if no oxygen is available.
Krebs Cycle Insights
- The Krebs Cycle (or citric acid cycle):
- Involves a series of chemical reactions that oxidize acetyl coenzyme derived from carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
- Produces significant outputs:
- 36 ATP,
- 6 water molecules,