SUCEDIÓ EN EL PERÚ - Jornada de las 8 horas 4/4

Negotiations with the Government

The transcript begins by mentioning that negotiations with the government of President Jose would soon begin. The strikers were concentrated in various points of the city.

Initiating Negotiations

• Negotiations with the government of President Jose were about to start.

• Strikers were concentrated in different areas of the city.

Gathering Points for Strikers

This section describes the gathering points for the strikers, particularly around factories and in Parque Neptuno. They had established a base where they held their assemblies, and there was also a library promoted by them in the Confederation of Artisans Association.

Gathering Points

• The strikers gathered around factories and in Parque Neptuno.

• They established a base for their assemblies and had a library above Carro Palma.

• Their natural places of action were their neighborhoods, such as Barrio de Vitarte and Barrio del Rímac.

Role of Students in Mediation

This section highlights the role of students, specifically those grouped under the Federation of Students of Peru, in mediating between workers and Minister of Development Manuel Yrigoyen. Their intervention was crucial for achieving success in the strike.

Student Mediation

• The Federation of Students of Peru played a key role in mediating between workers and Minister Yrigoyen.

• Felipe Suárez, a student leader, presided over this federation.

• Their intervention helped avoid potential conflicts between the government and workers.

Involvement of Intellectuals

This section mentions that intellectuals like José Carlos Mariátegui and Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre showed solidarity with the workers' demands. They played significant roles in supporting the workers' cause.

Intellectual Support

• José Carlos Mariátegui and Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, despite their young age, supported the workers' cause.

• They were intellectuals who later became influential figures in the formation of important doctrines in Peru, such as Aprismo and Socialism.

• Their involvement in the labor movements of 1919 shaped their journalistic and ideological development.

Influence of International Events

This section discusses how international events, such as the Russian Revolution and strikes in Spain, Argentina, and Chile, influenced the labor movements in Peru. The newspaper "El Tiempo" covered these events but was eventually shut down by the government for supporting the general strike in Lima.

International Influences

• José Carlos Mariátegui's initial exposure to socialist ideas came through President Wilson's Fourteen Points and news about the Russian Revolution.

• The newspaper "El Tiempo" followed and commented on these international events.

• The government closed down "El Tiempo" for supporting the general strike in Lima.

Decree for 8-Hour Workday

This section describes how an agreement was reached between the government and workers to grant an 8-hour workday. Minister Manuel Aurelio Binelli proposed a decree that was ultimately supported by President Pardo.

Decree for 8-Hour Workday

• Minister Binelli proposed a decree to grant an 8-hour workday.

• President Pardo supported this decree despite some opposition from industrialists.

• The decree established 8 hours of work in state-owned establishments while leaving it to mutual agreement between employers and workers in private establishments.

Achievement of the 8-Hour Workday

This section highlights the significance of achieving the 8-hour workday without any bloodshed. The workers considered it a great conquest, and their organization played a crucial role in its success.

Achievement of the 8-Hour Workday

• The autogoverned nature of the movement and strong organization contributed to the successful achievement of the 8-hour workday.

• Workers saw it as a significant victory without any violence or bloodshed.

New State of Mind

This section mentions that after the agreement was reached, there was a shift in people's mindset. They had to wait for trams to resume service, indicating a change in atmosphere following the successful strike.

Change in Atmosphere

• After reaching an agreement, there was a new state of mind among people.

• Waiting for trams to resume service symbolized this change.

The transcript is already in English.

The Influence of Elements in Favor of the 8-Hour Workday

This section discusses the factors that led to José Pardo's decision to support the 8-hour workday, particularly influenced by his minister, Bin Ali, who was part of the enlightened class.

Factors Influencing José Pardo's Decision

• The elements that influenced José Pardo's decision to support the 8-hour workday were primarily driven by his minister, Bin Ali.

• Bin Ali had been part of the enlightened class and played a significant role in shaping Pardo's stance on labor rights.

Formation of Workers' Federation and Popular University

This section highlights the formation of the Federation of Textile Workers and the establishment of González Prada Popular University as efforts to unify workers and intellectuals.

Formation of Federation of Textile Workers

• On January 16th, representatives from various wool and cotton textile factories, such as Victoria and Santa Catalina, gathered under the presidency of university delegate Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre.

• They agreed to form the Federation of Textile Workers with the aim of becoming a true center for proletarian unification.

Establishment of González Prada Popular University

• Shortly after forming the federation, González Prada Popular University was established as a means to bring together intellectuals and workers.

• The university aimed to promote cultural education within the working class.

Significance of Stalin's Existence and Decree for 8-Hour Workday

This section discusses how Stalin's existence served as a guide for Peru's working class. It also emphasizes that although President José Pardo signed a decree for an 8-hour workday, it did not immediately improve the situation for Peruvian workers.

• Stalin's existence and achievements served as a guide for Peru's working class for several decades.

• The decree signed by President José Pardo for an 8-hour workday was a significant milestone in Peruvian social history.

• However, it did not lead to immediate improvements in the working conditions of Peruvian workers.

Progress in Workers' Rights and Ongoing Struggles

This section highlights that while the 8-hour workday decree was a step towards fairer working conditions, further mobilizations and struggles were necessary to achieve better rights for workers.

• The decree signed by José Pardo marked an important step towards obtaining fairer working conditions but did not result in immediate improvements.

• In the following years, other movements and mobilizations complemented the demands of workers.

• The 1920 strike in Lima and Callao, which involved various groups such as unions, mothers, and transporters, exemplified popular movements fighting for subsistence.

Acknowledging Collective Work on Labor Day

This section emphasizes that Labor Day is an occasion to recognize the collective work of men and women throughout history in building Peru. It also mentions iconic architectural wonders like Sacsayhuamán and Machu Picchu.

• Labor Day serves as a reminder that Peru has been built through collective work since pre-Hispanic times.

• The collective efforts of men and women have transformed deserts into cultivable areas and created architectural marvels like Sacsayhuamán and Machu Picchu.

Conclusion

Labor rights have been shaped by influential figures like Bin Ali, guided by examples such as Stalin's existence. While progress has been made with the establishment of an 8-hour workday, ongoing struggles and mobilizations are necessary to achieve better working conditions for Peruvian workers. Labor Day serves as a reminder of the collective efforts that have shaped Peru's history.