Los Intervalos Musicales 📚 su Clasificación y Cómo calcularlos TODOS

Introduction to Musical Notes and Intervals

Overview of Musical Notes

• The seven natural musical notes are Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si. These correspond to the white keys on a keyboard.

• In addition to these seven notes, there are five altered notes (sharps and flats), resulting in a total of 12 possible notes in the Western tonal system.

Understanding Semitones and Tones

• The concept of semitone is introduced as the smallest distance in Western music; it exists between certain pairs of notes where no black key is present.

• A tone consists of two semitones. Examples include:

• Between Do and Re (tone)

• Between Mi and Fa (semitone)

Alterations and Intervals

Definition of Alterations

• A sharp raises a note by a semitone while a flat lowers it by a semitone. For example:

• C♯ is one semitone above C.

• D♭ is one semitone below D.

Introduction to Intervals

• An interval measures the distance between two notes. It serves as a fundamental concept in music theory.

• Each interval has two classifications: numerical (e.g., major third, perfect fourth) and by species (e.g., major or minor).

Classifying Intervals

Numerical Classification

• To determine an interval's numerical classification, count each note starting from the first note as "one." For instance:

• From Do to Mi counts as three notes: Do (1), Re (2), Mi (3).

Identifying Interval Species

• After determining numerical classification, identify species based on the number of semitones:

• Perfect intervals include fourths and fifths.

• Major/minor intervals apply to seconds and thirds.

Recognizing Interval Characteristics

Rules for Recognizing Intervals

• All perfect fourths and fifths are considered just except for specific cases:

• E.g., B-F is diminished; all others remain just.

Learning Through Patterns

• Recognize that smaller intervals can be termed diminished while larger ones are augmented. This applies across various intervals.

Expanding Knowledge Beyond Natural Notes

Applying Rules to Altered Notes

• When identifying intervals involving altered notes like A♭ or D♭:

• First consider their natural counterparts before applying rules for identification.

Practical Application of Interval Recognition

• By understanding how alterations affect distances between notes, musicians can accurately identify whether an interval remains major or becomes minor due to alterations like flats or sharps.

Understanding Musical Intervals and Their Alterations

The Concept of Major Thirds

• When asked for a major third from the note "Mi," the speaker explains that it must be a "Sol." The specific type of "Sol" is not defined, but its classification as sacred indicates its importance in music theory.

• To achieve a major third interval, one must enlarge the distance between "Mi" and "Sol" by raising "Sol" by a half step.

Understanding Diminished Fifths

• If tasked with finding a diminished fifth from "Mi," one must first identify the perfect fifth, which is counted as five notes up to "Si."

• To convert this perfect fifth into a diminished fifth, one needs to lower "Si" to "C♭."

Methodology for Interval Identification

• The method for identifying intervals involves considering natural notes first, then applying rules to determine the corresponding interval before adding necessary alterations.

• This process helps clarify whether an interval is being enlarged or reduced based on musical rules.

Inversions of Intervals

• The speaker discusses how intervals can be inverted; for example, counting from “Do” to “Mi” gives a major third, while counting back gives a sixth.

• A second can be inverted into a seventh. Thus, understanding these relationships aids in recognizing different intervals when their order is reversed.

Summary of Interval Relationships

• A simple rule emerges: if you have an interval like “Do” to “Mi,” it becomes its inversion (a sixth). Conversely, moving from “Si” to “Do” results in an inversion that transforms it into a seventh.

• Understanding these inversions allows musicians to navigate through various musical contexts effectively.