CELDA PELTIER - REFRIGERACION

Introduction to Peltier Thermoelectric Cell

Overview of the Peltier Cell

• The Peltier thermoelectric cell generates a temperature difference between its two sides when a voltage is applied, allowing for heating or cooling applications.

• Its primary use is in refrigeration systems, such as mini-fridges (frigobar), where it effectively manages temperature differences.

Experiment Setup

• Two thermometers are attached to each side of the cell to measure temperature changes during the experiment. This setup allows for real-time observation of temperature variations.

• The cell operates on a 12V power supply, and it's recommended to connect it with a heat sink due to significant heat generation during operation.

Observing Temperature Changes

Initial Observations

• Upon connecting the power supply, one thermometer shows a decrease in temperature while the other increases, demonstrating the cell's functionality in creating thermal gradients. The temperatures observed were around 24 degrees Celsius initially.

• Without a heat sink, one side heats up excessively (up to 60 degrees Celsius), which affects performance by not allowing sufficient cooling on the opposite side.

Application of Heat Sink

• A proper-sized heat sink is introduced along with thermal paste to enhance heat transfer from the cell to the sink, improving overall efficiency and cooling capability. Thermal paste aids in better contact and heat conduction between surfaces.

• Water is added around the heat sink for additional cooling support; this method enhances refrigerating capabilities significantly compared to using air alone.

Final Results and Conclusions

Performance Evaluation

• After five minutes of operation with water and ice present, one thermometer indicates -10 degrees Celsius on the cooling side of the cell, showcasing effective refrigeration capabilities. Ice formation confirms successful cooling performance under optimal conditions set by previous adjustments (thermal paste and water).