Escuela Quiteña, arte conservada en la historia.
Música
The section discusses the "Escuela Quiteña," an artistic movement in Quito during the colonial era, highlighting its significance and preservation of important works.
The Development of Education in Quito
- After Quito's foundation in 1534, there was a need for formal education. Juan Griego initially taught classes in 1552, followed by Bishop Francisco Morales establishing the first formal educational center named Colegio San Juan Evangelista.
- The school focused on practical teachings like reading, writing, agriculture, and brickmaking. It later became Colegio San Andrés.
Influence of Notable Teachers
- Jodoco Rique and Pedro Goucial significantly transformed the School of Arts and Crafts by initiating training for indigenous and mestizo artists.
Artistic Characteristics of Escuela Quiteña
- Artworks combined European features with indigenous elements depicting indigenous figures, local flora/fauna, Andean landscapes, and ancestral customs.
- Various materials were used for pigments such as animal bones for dark ochres and plants like ataco for vermilion. Gold leaf application was common for artistic decoration.
Art Techniques in Escuela Quiteña
This section delves into the art techniques employed by Escuela Quiteña artists to create detailed and realistic artworks.
Use of Gold Leaf and Color Techniques
- Pan de oro (gold leaf) was utilized to decorate sculptures and altarpieces. An example is seen at La Compañía Church's main altar covered with 23-carat gold leaf.
Sculpting and Painting Techniques
- Encarnado technique simulated human skin color in sculptures adding naturalism. Detailed sculpting with polychrome woodwork enhanced realism.
Notable Artists from Escuela Quiteña
- Miguel de Santiago, an artist from the 17th century known for his religious paintings using vegetable dyes predominantly grey tones creating chiaroscuro effects.
- Bolívar, a disciple of Santiago renowned for his work post-earthquake creating biblical-themed paintings displayed in various churches.
Legacy of Bernardo de Legarda
Focuses on Bernardo de Legarda's significant contributions to Escuela Quiteña artistry through his renowned sculpture "Virgen de Quito."
Bernardo de Legarda's Artistic Legacy
- Despite humble origins, Legarda excelled in various disciplines like woodworking, painting, silverwork, etc., becoming famous between 1730 - 1773 primarily focusing on religious themes.
Virgen de Quito Sculpture
- His most famous work is "Virgen de Quito" or "Virgen de Legarda," representing the Immaculate Virgin. This sculpture gained popularity globally with replicas adorning palaces and cathedrals.
Preservation of Escuela Quiteña Art
Discusses how the artworks from Escuela Quiteña have stood the test of time and are preserved in museums showcasing rich history.
Enduring Artistic Heritage
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The text describes the historical center of Quito, emphasizing its artistic and historical significance as a city that has preserved its cultural heritage over time.
Historical Significance of Quito
- The text highlights how the historical center of Quito captivates passersby with its art and history.
- Quito is depicted as a city that retains elements of its origins, serving as a cultural heritage site.