Bible Study: Nehemiah 1 (Nehemiah the Cupbearer)

Nehemiah: A New Beginning

Context and Background of Nehemiah

• The book of Nehemiah begins 15 years after Ezra ends, nearly 100 years post the first captives' return to the Promised Land, and 150 years after Jerusalem's destruction.

• Despite previous attempts to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem, they remained in ruins due to opposition from enemies, as noted in Ezra 4:6-23.

Nehemiah's Role and Position

• Nehemiah serves as the cupbearer to King Artaxerxes Longimanus, a position that grants him significant influence and access to the king.

• His role allows him opportunities for petitions regarding rebuilding Jerusalem's walls during favorable moments when the king is in good spirits.

Initial Encounter with Hannah and Information about Jerusalem

• In Shushan (Susa), Nehemiah meets his brother Hannah and others from Judah who inform him about the dire situation in Jerusalem—great affliction among survivors and broken walls.

• The report highlights a lack of defense against potential attacks due to destroyed gates and walls, emphasizing vulnerability.

Nehemiah’s Response: Mourning and Prayer

• Upon hearing about Jerusalem's plight, Nehemiah weeps, mourns for several days, fasts, and prays earnestly before God for Israel’s restoration.

• He acknowledges both personal and communal sins against God while seeking mercy based on God's covenant promises made through Moses.

Petition for Favor with the King

• Nehemiah concludes his prayer by asking God for favor with King Artaxerxes so he can present his request regarding rebuilding efforts in Jerusalem. This reflects his deep commitment to his people’s welfare.