Tipos de Pesquisa

Types of Research in Scientific Knowledge

Introduction to Scientific Research

• The importance of scientific research is emphasized as the core of science, necessary for obtaining scientific knowledge through systematic and rigorous investigation.

• Understanding different types of research is crucial for selecting appropriate methods for specific work or problems.

Classification of Research Types

Based on Approach

• Research can be classified into qualitative and quantitative approaches:

• Qualitative Research: Focuses on understanding and exploring problems without numerical representation; often used in social sciences like anthropology, sociology, psychology, and education.

• Quantitative Research: Involves numerical data representation; relies on statistical tools for hypothesis testing and is commonly applied in natural sciences.

Based on Nature

• Research can also be categorized as basic or applied:

• Basic Research: Aims to discover new knowledge without immediate practical application but holds essential value for future advancements.

• Applied Research: Targets real-world problems with the intent to find solutions.

Objectives of Research

Types by Objective

• Three main types based on objectives are identified:

• Exploratory Research: Initial investigations aimed at understanding a problem or object of study; helps formulate hypotheses.

• Descriptive Research: Seeks to characterize and understand a problem more deeply through detailed descriptions.

• Explanatory Research: Examines relationships between variables to explain phenomena within a specific context.

Methodological Procedures in Research

Choosing Appropriate Procedures

• The choice of research procedures depends on the approach and objectives. Key methodologies include:

• Experimental Research: Conducted under controlled conditions to observe effects while manipulating variables (e.g., laboratory settings).

• Bibliographic Research: Involves reviewing existing literature related to the study topic, including articles and books.

Other Methodologies

• Additional methodologies discussed include:

• Documentary Research: Similar to bibliographic but focuses on documents such as regulations, norms, and statistical data.

Types of Research Methodologies

Overview of Research Types

• The discussion begins with the importance of research in addressing specific situations, highlighting that certain methodologies are particularly useful for gathering information.

• Case studies are introduced as a non-procedural research method, often utilized in administration to analyze particular sectors within a company. This approach can involve one or multiple cases from the same study.

• The relationship between case studies and qualitative research is emphasized, noting that action research involves the researcher actively participating in the study, blurring the lines between subject and object.

Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches

• A distinction is made between qualitative and quantitative approaches within research projects. It is noted that both methodologies can coexist in a single project, leading to a quali-quantitative approach.