COMO SE CONSTRUYE UN EDIFICIO EN ESTRUCTURAS METALICAS

Introduction

The University of the Rascasielos is a course on megaconstruction that aims to build a building in the center of the angels using 13 thousand tonnes of steel.

Building a Skeleton

• The skeleton of a building made from 13 thousand tonnes of steel is a modern marvel.

• Buildings are constructed quickly by engaging all parts and being responsible for everything.

• This course provides an opportunity to learn how to balance oneself over vices and operate immense machinery.

Conclusion

• The goal of this course is to build a giant building in the country.

Introduction to Building Construction

The speaker introduces the dangers of building construction and explains how buildings define our cities.

Building Construction and its Significance

• Elevator operators play a crucial role in building construction.

• Buildings represent power, innovation, and will.

• Buildings are places where new technologies, ideas, and methods of construction are developed for less money.

• Large buildings start with an investor who selects an architect to design the building.

The Clark Construction Group

• The Clark Construction Group is the contractor and constructor of a project in California that costs 174 million dollars.

• The goal is to build a 220,000 square meter building for the Department of California or DTC.

• The Clark Construction Group has 27 months to finish the building of offices.

Designing the Building

• John Main and his design team were selected as architects for this project in 2001.

• Architects present their designs with hopes of obtaining contracts.

The Work of an Architect

In this section, we learn about the work of an architect and how they use technology to convert abstract concepts into real buildings.

Converting Abstract Concepts into Real Buildings

• Architects use computer models to create 3D designs that can be rotated and viewed from any angle.

• 3D printers are used to produce physical models of the design.

• Detailed paper, plastic, and glue models are created for competitions.

Collaborating with Other Specialists

• Architects consult with structural engineers and mechanical engineers to ensure the building's structure is sound and air conditioning is properly distributed.

Building a Structure

In this section, we learn about the process of building a structure from the ground up.

Creating a Solid Base

• A solid base is essential for any building. It supports independent surfaces and bears the weight of steel columns.

Injecting Concrete

• The constructor transforms plans into a structure by injecting concrete into a giant egg-shaped mold.

Excavating Fossils

In this section, the speaker discusses the excavation process for fossils and how it is mandatory to have a specialist present during excavations in case of any relic.

Excavation Process

• The structures need special tools, giant excavators, boulders, Volteo trucks, a paleontologist.

• A specialist like Conrad must be present during excavations in case of any relic.

• Some of the most interesting fossils found are white sharks that have more than 3 million years of antiquity.

Challenges with Archaeological Sites

In this section, the speaker discusses some challenges faced by construction companies when dealing with archaeological sites.

Construction Challenges

• A large archaeological site is the last thing a construction company wants to find when fighting against a fire.

• One of the largest ice-colds in excavations occurred in 1991 in Manhattan during the construction of a federal building.

• The contractor general supervises this chaos organized.

Coordination and Planning

In this section, the speaker discusses how planning and coordination are essential for successful completion of projects.

Project Planning

• This project requires a large amount of planning and coordination.

• Clark's job is to coordinate subcontractors, program labors and ensure that all fluid is smooth.

• The contractor general supervises this chaos organized.

Meeting Deadlines

In this section, the speaker discusses how meeting deadlines is crucial for construction projects.

Meeting Deadlines

• The contractor general promised investors that his company could build the building for $174 million by August 12th, 2004.

• Besides Clark Construction Group, it could be faced with $25,000 daily for each day the program date was scheduled to be delivered to the final building.

• The building has to be built at a time and we will make it happen.

Construction Process

In this section, the speaker discusses the construction process and how much land needs to be extracted.

Construction Process

• The company would have to extract 180,000 cubic meters of land, and the concrete turn would be made.

Ways to Empty Concrete

The transcript discusses several ways to empty concrete, including downloading it from a truck, pumping it with a concrete pump, and using dispersion.

Methods of Emptying Concrete

• Downloading from a truck

• Pumping with a concrete pump

• Using dispersion

The Magic Combination of Sand, Water and Cement

This section explains how modern buildings could not exist without the combination of sand, water and cement.

Importance of Sand, Water and Cement in Modern Buildings

• Modern buildings rely on the combination of sand, water and cement for construction.

Invention of Portland Cement

This section describes how the invention of Portland cement by Joseph Abstin in 1824 made modern construction with concrete possible.

Invention of Portland Cement

• Joseph Abstin invented Portland cement in 1824.

• Engineers used concrete to build bridges, streets and buildings at the beginning of the 20th century.

Reinforcement for Concrete Structures

This section explains how steel reinforcement is used to make powerful concrete structures that can support large voltage and pressure.

Steel Reinforcement for Powerful Concrete Structures

• Steel reinforcement is used together with concrete to support large voltage and pressure.

• Concrete is used in foundations, walls, floors and structures in columns.

Challenges of Working with Concrete

This section discusses the challenges of working with concrete and how it requires patience and understanding.

Challenges of Working with Concrete

• Concrete can be problematic to work with.

• Patience is required when working with concrete.

Steel Man's Work Begins

This section describes the beginning of the steel man's work after the foundation has been laid.

Beginning of Steel Man's Work

• The steel man's work begins after the foundation has been laid.

• Large buildings support a concrete reinforcement.

Placing the First Column

This section explains how placing the first column is a great achievement but can also present problems.

Placing the First Column

• Placing the first column is a great achievement.

• Problems can arise when placing the first column.

Moving Viga Blocks

This section describes how viga blocks are moved during construction using four separate blocks.

Moving Viga Blocks

• Viga blocks are moved using four separate blocks during construction.

• The fourth block is responsible for solving any issues that arise during this process

Steel Workers

The video discusses the role of steel workers in building metallic structures, including bridges and skyscrapers. It highlights the diversity of workers and their strong sense of camaraderie.

Role of Connectors

• Connectors are responsible for making all the unions of steel.

• Two individuals make all the unions seen in the video.

• When taking a piece, it must be ensured with two pins, one of which must be adjusted.

• Another person comes to put the rest of the pins.

History of Steel Workers

• Men have been raising their lives and security for over a century to build these metallic monuments.

• The construction of steel workers began with bridge construction, which was technologically advanced at that time.

• Mohawks were predestined to make large structures and began building bridges in New York and Canada between 1860 and 1870.

• Mohawks were not afraid of heights and had a reputation as exceptional steel workers.

Diversity Among Steel Workers

• Steel workers are very diverse, just like the United States is a diverse country.

• They represented more than 10% of the labor force but only less than a fraction of 1% combined populations in US and Canada.

• Ethnic origin is not important when working on elevated lines; what matters is teamwork and good communication.

Camaraderie Among Steel Workers

• Working in high-rise situations develops a strong sense of trust among partners.

• This camaraderie keeps United States buildings standing along with 89,000 bolts used to hold them together.

• Trust is built through constant awareness and knowledge about each other's actions.

The Evolution of Building Materials

In this section, the transcript discusses the evolution of building materials from rematches to steel.

Rematches and Pernos

• A quadril of rematches was formed by the calentador that placed the rematches to the live red.

• Using some tenasas, the calentador reddened each rematch to the attacker, that used a lat to catch them.

• A team experienced by the rematches could put 500 rematches a day, but in the 50s, constructioners began to use pernos that were so strong as the rematches but easier to install.

Internal Calentador of Steel

• And was the invention of the internal calentador of steel, which allowed rascals to lift them more than 150 years ago.

• Before the decade of 1840, weight of pieces in several levels enhanced in exterior walls.

• In order to have a structure of Albañilería in center building there was an iron column forged.

Steel Construction

• At end of 19th century engineers began using steel which was stronger than iron forged and iron labeled.

• This new box or construction made with steel offered many benefits.

• The first building that used this type of construction was Home Insurance Building designed by architect William Lebarun-Genny.

Advantages and Dangers of Steel Construction

• Many specialists consider that the Home Insurance Building was built in 1885, it was the first building of the world.

• With elements used in their place, buildings were ready to be removed.

• After three months of having been initiated the construction of steel structures, a president surprisingly hit the work and accentuated the dangers of this profession.

Michael Jesus del Rico's Death

The transcript discusses the death of Michael Jesus del Rico, who fell to his death despite being protected by security mechanisms.

Security Measures and Construction Deaths

• Despite being protected by security mechanisms, Michael Jesus del Rico fell to his death.

• Construction has the highest number of deaths in any industry, generating 20% of all work-related deaths.

• The operator of the grue has to trust us and us in him. On the contrary, someone could have been hurt or even died.

Rick Follard's Work

• Rick Follard operates a giant grue that is responsible for all the people who are under its load and prevents it from flying while it's in the air.

• Rick's work is to mount the inner arm of steel designed by the structural engineer.

Operating a Grue

This section describes how Rick Follard operates a grue.

Operating a Grue

• There are many people on the bottom floor that Rick is responsible for.

• Rick controls the grue with two hands.

• The load is raised by an electric motor that has a cable car of 2.5 cm and it goes down like a fishing net.

• Everything is loaded.

Structural Engineering

This section discusses the role of structural engineers in ensuring building safety.

Building Safety and Structural Engineers

• The structural engineer is responsible for ensuring that the building can be maintained by the foot.

• Buildings are made up of vertical forces that come from the weight of the same building, its occupants, and their belongings.

• There are also horizontal forces that can prevent winds or earthquakes.

Conclusion

The transcript concludes with a brief discussion on how this combination can be used to mount occupants.

Mounting Occupants

• This combination can be used to mount occupants.

The Importance of Choosing the Right Structural Design

In this section, the speaker discusses how structural engineers must choose the appropriate type of design based on the location of the building. They also mention signs that indicate if a building is located in a seismic area.

Choosing Adequate Structural Design

• Heavy buildings are balanced more slowly and those who occupy them do not get to feel bad.

• All structural engineers must choose the type of more adequate weapons according to the location of the building.

• Engineers design points called Galletas to ensure that columns will not be damaged during an earthquake.

• The building must be able to sustain after an earthquake, even if vehicles are damaged.

Steel Structures and Building Stability

This section discusses how steel structures contribute to building stability and how they have evolved over time.

The Empire State Building as an Example

• More than half of seismic scientists believe that DTC structure is fundamentally similar to first steel weapon buildings like Empire State Building.

• Empire State Building was built in 1931 and was highest in world until 1972.

• Combination of heavy and rigid steel made Empire State Building very stable, even against strong winds.

Evolution of Steel Structures

• Elevated buildings built after WWII used lighter and stronger materials like glass and metal.

• These structures were at risk for becoming too flexible, so diagonal bars were added for reinforcement.

• Reinforcements were placed on outer part of buildings in 60's, such as in the Yon Hancock Center.

The Design of Buildings Using External and Internal Columns

This section discusses the design of buildings using external and internal columns, which was a revolutionary design that opened up spaces in buildings by requiring fewer support columns.

Design Using External and Internal Columns

• The design uses external and internal columns connected with beams to resist gravitational loads and absorb wind force.

• This revolutionary design was finished in 1969 and required fewer support columns, opening up spaces in buildings.

• Famous buildings built using this design include the Gamelas towers of the John Hancock Center, which were made of very close columns creating a skeleton.

• Another building that uses this type of design is the Torexiaos de Chicago, which is like nine tubes together.

Balancing Building Elements

• Engineers working with architects try to balance the height and width of columns, size of windows, thickness of columns, depth and length of beams to create a balanced structure.

• Achieving balance is not magic but requires careful consideration.

Challenges Faced When Building Tall Structures in Seismic Areas

This section discusses challenges faced when building tall structures in seismic areas such as Taipei.

Building Tall Structures in Seismic Areas

• When natural wood releases several curves, it becomes challenging to build tall structures.

• In Taipei, where there are frequent earthquakes every 50 years on average, steel parts used for construction are thicker than those used in other cities.

• In 1999, construction began on Taipei 101 which would become the tallest building in the world.

Anti-Seismic Design

• Structural engineers faced great challenges when designing Taipei 101 due to frequent earthquakes in the area.

• Anti-seismic design is the most important part of all structures in Taiwan.

• Taipei is also equipped with a very strong hurricane wind, so structural engineers had to handle these two different forces.

Building for Earthquakes and Wind Force

• A flexible and flexible building is better suited to support earthquakes.

• A heavy and rigid structure would work better to support wind force.

• In Taipei, they had to occupy the first of the anti-sysmic area and make a structure structure with a steel armor, but they had to make it more rigid so that it would not be too balanced.

Reinforcing Building Structure

• To reinforce the internal part of Taipei 101, additional columns were added every eight pieces that were subject to external columns.

• These super columns are steel-shaped boxes that are 2.5 x 3 meters wide.

• The columns are filled with reinforced concrete, which has internal reinforcements of steel at its top.

• Steel is good for tension while concrete is good for compression forces.

The DTC Building and the Perforated Horse

This section describes the events that occurred at the DTC building during its construction.

The Perforated Horse Incident

• A perforated horse was found near the construction site.

• An old grue operator who had apparently been living there jumped near the construction and climbed almost 100 meters of stairs.

• He began to handle the grue, using it at night and walking through it with a boat in his hand.

• The police feared that he could jump or have a gun.

• After seven hours of negotiation, the man fell and was arrested.

Construction Continues

• Despite the interruption, construction continued as planned.

• The internal skeleton was not yet finished.

Culmination of Structure Ceremony

This section describes the ceremony celebrating the culmination of structure for the DTC building.

Celebration Day

• On June 13th, 2003, ten months after excavation began, a ceremony was held to celebrate the culmination of structure for the DTC building.

• It is a great day because we do these parties when constructions are completed.

Markers Representing Diversity

• Hundreds of John Hencaks representing diversity were placed on top of each other to show all people involved in raising such a large building.

Final Thoughts

This section provides final thoughts on constructing such a large building.

Final Thoughts

• This was a great project and one of the most memorable ones.

• When you see something that you built one or two years later, it gives you a great feeling of the work.

The Workers of the Steel Parts

Brendan and Iram have built dozens of buildings, but this is the last one that will be together as companions. They have been working together for two and a half years every day, like a married couple. Now they will be working separately.

• The workers are proud of their work

• Brendan and Iram have worked together for two and a half years every day

• This is the last building they will build together as companions

• They will now be working separately

Building History

In 1930, a 3,400 man's army was working dramatically to finish the highest building in the world. 80 years later, another army is working hard on a new tower.

• A 3,400 man's army was working dramatically to finish the highest building in the world in 1930

• Another army is working hard on a new tower 80 years later

New York City Buildings

New York has more than 100 cities around the world. The Empire State Building is one of its most famous urban landscapes.

• New York has more than 100 cities around the world

• The Empire State Building is one of its most famous urban landscapes

Risks and Rewards

There are risks, but when it's over, there's history.

• There are risks, but when it's over, there's history

The New World Trade Center

The tower of the new World Trade Center is raised above Manhattan. It's one of the most complex and controversial projects in New York history.

• The tower of the new World Trade Center is raised above Manhattan

• It's one of the most complex and controversial projects in New York history

Tower Height

The tower of the World Trade Center has a height of 443 meters, 100 meters more than El Empire State.

• The tower of the World Trade Center has a height of 443 meters, 100 meters more than El Empire State

Building the Tallest Buildings in the US

The video discusses the construction of two of the tallest buildings in the United States, their differences, and the legacy of those who built them.

Differences between Two Tallest Buildings

• The two buildings are 80 years apart in age and 5 kilometers apart.

• Although they are different structures, they both have significant symbolism.

• Their stories differ but are connected through their builders' legacies.

Legacy of Builders

• John Collins has been in the business for 30 years and was born in 1997. He talks about how his family has worked on building projects for generations.

• Many workers passed down knowledge and skills to future generations, including Joe Jokes, who worked on building the Empire State Building.

• These workers were pioneers who built structures that nobody had dreamed of before.

Financing and Construction

• John Hottarrasco financed one of these projects after a failed career with another company. His plan was ambitious: to build the highest building in the world.

• Paul and William Starrette led a team that pushed against other companies to make this dream come true. They used innovative techniques to build these structures.

Building the World Trade Center

The construction of the World Trade Center was a complex and challenging project that faced numerous obstacles. This section explores the logistics involved in building skyscrapers in Manhattan, as well as the emotional debate surrounding the construction of such an iconic structure.

Obstacles Faced by Builders

• The tower was built on sacred ground, which added to the emotional complexity of the project.

• The project faced controversy and setbacks due to its location.

• The executive director describes it as one of the most complex, challenging, emotional, and political projects in the world.

Logistics of Building Skyscrapers in Manhattan

• Building skyscrapers in Manhattan is incredibly difficult due to logistical challenges.

• It is like performing heart surgery in a telephone booth or being cramped with five other people inside.

• The amount of materials and equipment needed for such a project is immense.

Challenges Faced by Tishman Construction

• Tishman Construction is responsible for building Tower 1 and must maintain budget and time constraints.

• Over 60 supervisors are needed to organize day-to-day workers on Tower 1.

Building the Empire State Building

This section explores how building skyscrapers has always been a dangerous job with many risks involved. It also highlights how speed can come at a price when constructing large buildings.

Risks Involved in Building Skyscrapers

• Many experts predicted that workers would die during construction of large buildings like the Empire State Building.

• During the construction of the press, 96 workers lost their lives.

The Price of Speed

• The Empire State Building had to be completed in only 13 months due to a traditional date for commercial equipment contract renewal.

• This kind of speed came at a price, and many workers were put in danger.

The Dangers of Building the Empire State Building

This section describes the dangerous working conditions during the construction of the Empire State Building.

Working Conditions

• Most workers were immigrants from different nationalities.

• Workers had to maintain balance with strong winds blowing from the river Hudson.

• One of the vital rules was not looking down.

• Workers did not have security lines, helmets, gloves, protectors or any safety equipment.

Risks and Rewards

• Walking on a zero bar for the first time was risky as it could fall apart suddenly.

• A swimmer tells how he saved his hair while working at 12 feet high by tying himself to a viva with his legs.

• Workers risked their lives but were well paid; average salary was $15 per day per ten hours.

Construction Process

• The work depended on speed of group drivers who moved tons of zero using arms of holes to place them in their place and connect big ones creating every new floor.

• A man verified advances in work by making a campaign to indicate an engineer who has been in a situation of many lower plants that would lower the load.

Conclusion

The construction process for building the Empire State Building was dangerous and required workers to take risks without proper safety equipment. Despite this, workers were well paid for their efforts and worked together to complete each floor efficiently.

The Dangerous and Physically Demanding Job

This section describes the dangerous and physically demanding job of constructing the Empire State Building.

The Challenges of Working with Steel Wires

• Workers had to move 5-tonne steel wires with precision, which required great physical strength.

• Workers had to use body language to communicate when moving heavy loads, and they had to be careful with holes in the steel wires.

• Tricks were used to move steel wires quickly, but workers had only 10 seconds to complete each task.

The Dangers of Working on a Construction Site

• Workers faced many dangers on the construction site, including losing their hands if a connector grabbed a steel wire or losing their lives if the crane operator dropped a load.

• Workers also had to be careful when fitting wires because blocks of steel could move suddenly and cause injury.

Welding Challenges

• Welders faced challenges when creating high-resistance unions using brakes. They needed speed and reflection skills while working with temperatures as high as 500 degrees Celsius.

• Welders had only a few seconds to place rematches before metal cooled down. If rematches were not well heated, they would not fill the hole space properly.

Safety Measures Taken During Construction

• Despite facing dangerous conditions, only six men lost their lives during the construction of the Empire State Building due in part to cooperation between groups.

Lessons Learned from Tragedies

This section discusses how tragedies have led to changes in safety measures on construction sites.

Changes After 9/11

• After the tragedy of 9/11, there was a great debate about safety measures on construction sites.

• The world cannot afford errors when it comes to building structures like the World Trade Center.

• Many people believed that the era of racing to complete construction projects had ended after 9/11.

The Value of the Tower 1

In this section, the speaker talks about the value and importance of Tower 1.

Tower 1's Value

• Tower 1 is one of the most valuable and immobiliaries in the world.

• Each week, it is kept and is worth millions of dollars in lost income.

Delayed Construction of Tower 1

In this section, the speaker discusses why there was a delay in constructing Tower 1.

Delayed Construction

• Due to controversy and delay in design and reconstruction, construction on Tower 1 didn't start until 2008.

Building a High-Tech Fortress

In this section, the speaker talks about how Skidmore, Owens and Merrill designed a high-tech fortress for Tower 1.

Designing a High-Tech Fortress

• Once it was decided to rebuild it, architects had to design a high-tech fortress.

• The tower is actually two buildings - a concrete mine in a steel frame.

• The building is much heavier due to obvious reasons such as safety concerns.

• The walls are normally 50-60 cm wide but for this building they are much thicker at one meter wide.

• This heavy nuclear mine will protect the stairs that allow people to escape once in awhile or during an attack.

Technology Used for Construction

In this section, the speaker talks about how technology has been used for the construction of Tower 1.

Technology Used

• The tower is based on technology to avoid chaos and accidents.

• Sticks have been replaced by hand-made sticks.

• Before, three men were needed to move a piece of the roof but now only one person is required.

Directing the Roof Operator

In this section, the speaker talks about how he directs the roof operator despite not being able to see what's going on. He emphasizes the importance of trust and communication between them.

Trust and Communication

• The speaker directs the roof operator without being able to see what's happening.

• The speaker emphasizes that whoever is on the other side of the phone needs to be someone who knows what they're doing and is trustworthy.

• The speaker mentions that every time a storm begins, they have to take a decision whether to keep working or stop and rest for a while.

• The speaker notes that there are no easy options in Tower 1.

Technology vs. Storm

In this section, the speaker talks about how technology can be useless during storms in Rio-Hazon.

Limitations of Technology

• The speaker notes that all technology becomes useless when it's falling in a storm in Rio-Hazon.

• The speaker explains that they had to stop working because winds were too strong at 40 kilometers per hour.

• Despite modern security measures, construction remains one of the most dangerous professions in America.

Tower 1: A Secure Building

In this section, the speaker talks about how Tower 1 is more secure than any other building in New York history due to its location and design.

Security Features

• The highest high-speed speed of United States grows on zero-zero zone which will protect people who work there.

• The speaker notes that Tower 1 is located on one of the most competitive metro stations in New York, with 50,000 people passing by every day.

• The village is a three-dimensional structure located outside the building and provides access to operations. Workers are tied very safely.

Working on Tower 1

In this section, the speaker talks about what it's like to work on Tower 1 and how he balances safety with his desire to see his children again.

Balancing Safety and Family

• The speaker mentions that he has been working for 30 years and still has all his fingers and toes.

• Despite modern security measures, construction remains one of the most dangerous professions in America.

• The upper part of Tower 1 has a very similar work to the men who built the Empire State Building.

• The speaker notes that you have to hit well with that hammer when working on columns.

Conclusion

In this section, the speaker concludes by emphasizing how dangerous construction can be despite modern security measures.

Construction Danger

• Despite modern security measures, construction remains one of the most dangerous professions in America.

Building the Empire State Building

The Vigas are taken from the 1930s and screws are used instead of brakes to fit them. Each screw must be calibrated and checked twice. Elite craftsmen come together to build the most high building in the United States.

The Vigas

• The Vigas are taken from the 1930s, from the time of my grandfather.

• When the blocks of steel are in their place, the team fits the Vigas using screws instead of brakes. A hole connects the Viga and then you have to align it.

• Instead of brakes, screws are used to fit the Vigas.

Elite Craftsmen

• These elite craftsmen come from many different places but they all have an objective in common: Build the most high building of United States.

• When you are here, all of us are bosses. Our relationship is your penthouse. There is good chemistry with the group and we work together.

• I see it as something spiritual. I think we feel like a kind of proximity, empathy for all this creation.

Creating a City in Another Way

John Hota Raskop reunites with William Lamb architect to create a city that up to 80,000 people would enter and exit every day. Raskop wanted to create a city that was different than any other at that time.

John Hota Raskop

• In 1929, John Hota Raskop, a young boy reunited with William Lamb architect.

• Raskop, who had been an executive in General Motors, competed with Walter Chrysler.

• The ostentation of power. The reputation of the country. I think that to human beings always has fascinated the idea of building the most high and largest buildings.

Creating a City

• Raskop wanted to create a city of another, in a way that up to 80,000 people would enter and exit the building every day.

• Its developers were companies without experience in impossible properties. They were very focused on a new terrain.

• The Raskop contractors were their only hope.

Building Techniques

To finish the Empire State Building in 13 months and open it on May 1st, they used a new technique called build-up by the Wierd Rapid. The Starred started building before William Lambe finished designing it.

Build-Up Technique

• To have a possibility to finish the building, they used a new technique called build-up by the Wierd Rapid.

• It was a risky proposal even at good times but with big depression became dream of Raskop in desperate position.

• The Raskop contractors were their only hope.

Building Process

• But the beginning of big depression became dream of Raskop in desperate position. They needed to finish the building in 13 months and open on May 1st.

• The Starred started building before William Lambe finished designing it.

Building the Empire State Building

This transcript discusses the construction of the Empire State Building, including the collaboration between different groups and innovative building techniques used.

Collaboration for Future Building Design

• The relationship between different groups involved in building was fluid.

• Collaboration is important not only with consultants but also with those who will raise constructions in the future.

Innovative Techniques Used

• The Starred team built all steel pieces in six months to avoid winter storms.

• The speed at which they built broke previous records, advancing to a quarter of four pieces per week.

• Pre-made bricks were used for the facade instead of expensive stone, making it easier and faster to build.

• A wall of glass was used on Tower 1 instead of stone.

Construction Challenges

• Works continued within the building despite snow and ice affecting construction rhythm.

• Large works are complicated when building skyscrapers like the Empire State Building.

• Changes during construction can cause complications even if they are small changes that require rebuilding work done over two days.

Culmination of Career

• William and Paul Starred used all their experience from previous buildings for this project, which represented the culmination of their career.

Conclusion

The Empire State Building was a masterwork created by the Starred brothers using innovative techniques such as pre-made bricks and a wall of glass on Tower 1's facade while overcoming challenges such as weather conditions and changes during construction that required rebuilding work done over two days or more.

Carol Willis and the Starrett Brothers

In this section, we learn about Carol Willis' work as an architectural historian and her knowledge of the Starrett brothers. We also learn about a three-year-old boy's personal diary that reflects his pride in seeing the highest building in the world built in record time.

The Starrett Brothers' Organizational Skills

• In 1930 or 1931, a three-year-old boy kept a personal diary that reflected his pride in seeing the highest building in the world built in record time.

• The diary reveals not only the great level of organization required for this monumental project but also what the men thought were the key factors that made it possible.

• Records show that on August 14, 1930, there were 3,439 workers on site, including 1,511 subcontractors.

• The work diary was recorded until even minimal details were covered.

Innovations by the Starrett Brothers

• There were a total of 1,239 ascents of the building during construction. They installed up to ten million bricks and used a total length of ascent of 180 km.

• The Starretts were very advanced for their time when it came to worksite requirements.

• They developed all points related to loading materials, bringing workers' energy to worksites, and bringing trucks with materials to Manhattan's heart.

• They pioneered innovations such as installing cafeterias so workers could save time by not having to go down multiple floors for meals.

• Cafeterias were strategically placed throughout different floors

• Workers could buy two boxes, a sweet coffee, and milk for forty cents.

• They also installed a rail system to bring heavy materials quickly.

• A small rail that could put a man instead of having ten men pushing the rail was used to transport materials from the head of the elevator directly to where they were needed.

Legacy of the Starrett Brothers

• The Starretts took maximum productivity into account when building the tower.

• Many of their innovations continue to be used today. However, William Starrett died a year after the Empire State Building was finished, and Paul Starrett suffered a nervous breakdown but recovered and continued his work as an architect.

The Rail and the Empire State Building

In this section, the speaker talks about the significance of the rail and how it reflects imagination. They also discuss how the Empire State Building is a symbol of American courage and determination.

The Rail

• The rail represents imagination.

• It is a well-known building that produces vehicles with trade and location.

• Over time, it has defined itself as a dream that could never be replicated.

The Empire State Building

• The Empire State Building is a proud triumph of American courage and determination.

• It is a symbol of the nation's dream to build something great.

• Soon, it will be home to the highest-ranked soldiers in the United States.

Conclusion

In this section, the speaker concludes by saying "the dream continues."

The Dream Continues

• The speaker repeats that "the dream continues."