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Sociedades Cooperativas + [Tipos] 🟡 | Economía de la empresa 2º de bachillerato 22#
Introduction to Cooperative Societies
Definition and Characteristics of Cooperatives
- Cooperatives are companies formed by individuals with common interests, aimed at satisfying their needs through democratic principles and not for profit.
- They emphasize solidarity among members, operating on a "one person, one vote" principle regardless of individual economic contributions.
- Members' liability is limited to their capital contribution; for instance, if a member contributes 2000 euros, they risk losing only that amount.
- Profits (surpluses) are typically reinvested in the cooperative and must allocate funds for reserves and member education.
- The business name must include "cooperative society" or its abbreviation "S. Coop." and cooperatives are taxed under Corporation Tax with credits.
Example of a Successful Cooperative
- A farmer named Pepe forms a cooperative called “Precio Justo de la Oliva Sociedad cooperativa” to increase bargaining power against clients by uniting with other farmers facing similar challenges.
- This collaboration leads to greater negotiating strength and improved profit margins as all members agree on pricing.
Governing Bodies of Cooperatives
- The General Assembly consists of all partners making major decisions regarding management, annual accounts, and profits.
- The Governing Council manages the cooperative's operations and represents it externally to customers and suppliers.
- An Intervention body composed of auditors monitors financial activities to prevent corruption within the cooperative.
Types of Cooperatives
Classification Based on Association Degree
- First-degree cooperatives consist of individual natural or legal persons as members.
- Second-degree cooperatives are formed by two or more first-degree cooperatives collaborating together.
- Third-degree cooperatives involve two or more second-degree cooperatives working in conjunction.
Classification Based on Member Interests
Associated Work Cooperatives
- These involve workers who share both goods and labor to produce services collectively.
Sales Cooperatives
- Members unite to market products together for better bargaining conditions than they would achieve individually; e.g., “Fair Price of the Olive Cooperative Society.”
Consumer Cooperatives
- Similar objectives as sales cooperatives but focus on obtaining products/services from suppliers for better negotiation power.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Cooperatives
Advantages
- As social interest entities, cooperatives enjoy tax benefits and potential subsidies while ensuring equal rights among partners.
- Members’ responsibility is limited to their capital contributions, protecting personal assets during financial difficulties.
Disadvantages
- Decision-making can be slow due to diverse interests among members which may hinder urgent problem-solving efforts.
- Long-term investments may be challenging as members might not commit beyond their planned duration in the cooperative.
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