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Understanding the Phenomenon of Propietarismo

In this section, the professor discusses the phenomenon of propietarismo and how it has affected the concept of public ownership in Peru.

The Evolution of Public Ownership

• The attitude towards public ownership has evolved over time.

• There are two ways to understand public ownership - as a form of unilateral exposure or as a special power that transforms into a kind of dominion.

• In recent years, there has been an approach between classic dominion and the phenomenon of propietarismo.

• Propietarismo is a rare legal event where public ownership is approaching certain faculties and events typical of individual private property rights.

The Role of Registration

• Registration is a system for advertising private property rights.

• It is used primarily for corporeal goods but has also advanced towards material goods.

• Sunarp registration allows you to exclude ignorance about public ownership.

Impact on Expropriation

• The inflexibility of state institutions is complex and related to advancements in charges and protections, including money held by individuals regarding private domain goods.

• Sunarp registration allows you to exclude ignorance about public ownership, which means that it no longer matters if you knew about it or not.

Creación de la Registrabilidad

En esta sección, se discute la creación de la registrabilidad y cómo esto ha llevado a un fenómeno de propietarismo en Perú. Se menciona que la administración pública necesitaba acercarse a los niveles de seguridad jurídica que da el registro, lo que llevó a la introducción del derecho de propiedad.

Introducción del Propietarismo

• La creación de la registrabilidad se debió a que la administración pública necesitaba acercarse a los niveles de seguridad jurídica que da el registro.

• La ley espacios públicos obliga a que todo espacio público urbano, parques, vías públicas e infraestructura urbana sean inscritos en SUNARP y declarados como bienes inmuebles.

• El propietarismo es un fenómeno intenso en Perú debido a problemas de precarización de titularidad pública.

Leyes y Jurisprudencia Constitucional

• La jurisprudencia constitucional ha introducido la idea de registrar bienes privados como el mercado Miraflores.

• La ley peruana introduce la noción de propiedad estatal ligada a la propiedad privada.

• El propietarismo es mucho más intenso que solo cumplir con las leyes sobre espacios públicos.

Armonización Legal

En esta sección, se discute cómo debe armonizarse legalmente el enfrentamiento por potestades entre las municipalidades y los particulares. Se menciona que la legislación debe armonizarse para evitar conflictos.

Armonización Legal

• La legislación debe armonizarse para evitar conflictos entre las municipalidades y los particulares.

• El tribunal constitucional es el encargado de resolver conflictos en caso de bienes inmuebles de mañana.

• En casos ordinarios, se utiliza la defensa del dominio privado por parte del hueso ordinario.

Ordenamiento Jurídico

En esta sección, se discute quién es responsable de ordenar el enfrentamiento por potestades y cómo esto debería tener un orden previo. Se menciona que la jurisdicción debe poner orden previamente para evitar incertidumbres sobre la titularidad pública.

Ordenamiento Jurídico

• La jurisdicción es responsable de ordenar el enfrentamiento por potestades.

• La jurisdicción debe poner orden previamente para evitar incertidumbres sobre la titularidad pública.

Introduction to the Topic

The speaker introduces the topic of studying the phenomenon of property law and how it can help predict future outcomes. They also discuss the advantage of having a doctrine in property law.

Understanding Property Law

• The speaker emphasizes that studying property law is important to understand future outcomes.

• They mention that there are three things that need to be understood in order to have clarity on this topic.

• The speaker discusses how defining who has jurisdiction over certain types of properties is important, and how this needs to be defined by lawmakers.

Uncertainty in Property Law

This section focuses on the uncertainty surrounding property law and what lawyers can do about it.

Dealing with Uncertainty

• The speaker talks about how lawyers deal with uncertainty when it comes to determining which court has jurisdiction over a case.

Property Law Regulations

This section focuses on regulations related to property laws.

Régimen de Bienes Estatales

• The speaker mentions a regulation called "Régimen de Bienes Estatales" which was approved in 2000.

• They explain that this regulation applies mainly to state administrations but is also used for regional laws. Municipal laws are not included in this regulation.

Municipal Laws

• The speaker explains that municipal laws have their own sources of regulation, such as ordinances, council agreements, and sectorial liquidation.

• In Peru, there are at least 1800 municipal ordinances related to property laws.

Risks in Municipal Laws

This section focuses on the risks associated with municipal laws.

Risks of Self-Regulation

• The speaker discusses the risks associated with self-regulation, such as a person claiming ownership over a property that is not theirs.

• They explain that property law is a topic of autonomy and power distribution. In Peru, there is a decentralized system of power where mayors have more autonomy than they did 10 years ago.

Power Distribution in Property Law

This section focuses on how power is distributed in property law.

Autonomy in Property Law

• The speaker explains that power distribution in property law is based on an administrative system where the president shares power with regional governors and mayors.

• Mayors now have more budget than they did 10 years ago, but this does not necessarily mean they are richer.

• The speaker mentions that Peru has more reserves than Mexico and Brazil, but this does not reflect in infrastructure or services provided to citizens.

Autonomous Regulations

• The speaker explains that lawmakers have given municipalities enormous autonomy when it comes to defining regulations related to their own properties.

• Municipalities can define concessions, transfers, changes, mutations of materials, and even dispose of public properties if it serves another public interest.

Ley de espacios públicos

In this section, the speaker discusses the law of public spaces and how it is related to urban development. The law is more connected to the world of winds, and it has nothing to do with urbanism.

Municipal Law vs State Law

• The law of public spaces only applies to state and regional administrations, not municipal ones.

• Municipalities have autonomy over their own interests, but if a project serves a greater public interest, such as a new metro station, then the national government can take control of municipal property by transferring money or assets.

Titularidad Pública

• The ownership of land determines its legal regime. Public lands are subject to different laws than private lands.

• When there is a change in ownership from private to public for a project like an airport or metro station, there must be a transfer of assets or money.

Régimen Jurídico y Bienes Públicos

In this section, the speaker talks about the legal regime that governs public goods and how it affects urban planning.

Different Legal Regimes for Public Goods

• There are different legal regimes for state-owned and municipal-owned properties.

• Municipalities have their own regulations regarding their properties that are outlined in ordinances at various levels (district/provincial/metropolitan).

Disparities in Urban Planning

• Disparities in legal regimes lead to disparities in urban planning across municipalities.

• Cities like Lima have poor infrastructure due to inadequate regulation of public goods.

Conclusion

In this section, the speaker concludes by discussing how disparities in legal regimes lead to disparities in urban planning and infrastructure.

Disparities in Urban Planning

• Disparities in legal regimes lead to disparities in urban planning across municipalities.

• Cities like Lima have poor infrastructure due to inadequate regulation of public goods.

Municipalities and Public Goods

In this section, the speakers discuss the differences between municipalities and how they regulate public goods. They also talk about the challenges of managing public goods in a growing city like Lima.

Municipalities and their Regulation of Public Goods

• The speakers discuss the differences between municipalities such as San Isidro, San Isidro Surquillo, and Chorrillos.

• They argue that despite territorial boundaries, municipalities should have equal levels of service and capacity to respond to public interest.

• The speakers use the example of Piura to illustrate how different areas can have distinct characteristics due to regulation differences.

• They note that while San Isidro builds parks, Chorrillos is trying to protect cultural heritage sites.

• The speakers mention that politicians' desire for more municipal districts has led to a fragmentation of power.

• They question whether creating institutions like these is viable under administrative law.

Challenges in Managing Public Goods

• The speakers discuss ways to achieve parity in regulations across municipalities using administrative organization theory or inter-administrative agreements.

• They criticize Lima's municipal governments for ceding power over transportation regulation to the state.

• The speakers predict that managing transportation will become even more challenging with the construction of new infrastructure like airports and metro lines.

• They question what Mayor Luis Castañeda Lossio has done regarding service levels on Lima's expressways.

Functionality and Utility of Public Goods

In this section, the speakers discuss the functionality and utility of public goods. They argue that public goods must serve the public interest and have a demonstrable use.

Functionality and Utility of Public Goods

• The speakers note that public goods must be functional and useful to be considered as such.

• They use the example of a mineral stone in your pocket to illustrate how something without demonstrable utility is not a public good.

• The speakers argue that there are different ways for public goods to serve the public interest, including direct or indirect service.

• They mention that selling off public goods can also be a way to generate funds for the government.

El papel de los bienes públicos en el servicio al interés público

En esta sección, se discute el papel de los bienes públicos en la prestación de servicios al interés público. Se explica cómo los bienes materiales e inmateriales pueden convertirse en instrumentos para servir al interés público y cómo esto puede generar una fórmula para su sostenimiento.

Los bienes públicos como instrumentos indirectos para servir al interés público

• La extinción de dominio permite que los bienes incautados por el Estado puedan ser utilizados para salvaguardar el interés público.

• Los bienes públicos tienen una funcionalidad indirecta, lo que significa que pueden entrar en operaciones civiles propias del derecho civil y, por tanto, servir al interés público no por sí mismos sino por su valor o posibilidades monetarias.

• Ejemplos de bienes públicos son las vías públicas, parques, subterráneos y establecimientos públicos como universidades. Estas infraestructuras fueron creadas para brindar una prestación y tienen un elemento mentalidad para servir al interés público.

La posibilidad de convertirse en fondos públicos

• Los bienes incautados a través del régimen de extinción del dominio pueden convertirse en fondos públicos. Esto puede generar un costo económico muy alto debido a la gran cantidad de dinero involucrado.

• En Perú se ha probado la posibilidad de hacer proyectos en activos, que es una fórmula de construcción que se convirtió en un contrato revolución.

El blanqueamiento de dinero y la recuperación pública

En esta sección, se discute el blanqueamiento de dinero y la recuperación pública. Se explica cómo los bienes incautados pueden ser utilizados para financiar proyectos públicos y cómo esto puede generar un costo económico muy alto.

La recuperación pública

• El régimen de extinción del dominio debería estar a cargo de las municipalidades para poder financiar proyectos públicos.

• Los bienes incautados por el Estado pueden pasar al Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas, lo que genera una gran cantidad de dinero en bienes incautados.

• El blanqueamiento de dinero es común en Perú y puede generar un costo económico muy alto debido a la gran cantidad de terrenos no registrados.

La funcionalidad indirecta del dominio privado

En esta sección, se discute la funcionalidad indirecta del dominio privado. Se explica cómo los bienes materiales e inmateriales pueden convertirse en instrumentos para servir al interés público.

La funcionalidad indirecta del dominio privado

• Los bienes materiales e inmateriales pueden convertirse en instrumentos para servir al interés público mediante su valor o posibilidades monetarias.

• Ejemplos son los contratos de atribución, que permiten que los bienes incautados se conviertan en fondos públicos.

Contrato de Atribución y el Interés Público

In this section, the speaker discusses the concept of a "contrato de atribución" and how it relates to serving the public interest. The speaker explains that not all public interests are equal and that there are different levels of protection required for certain interests.

Contrato de Atribución y el Control Vertical

• A "contrato de atribución" is a special type of contract in which a monthly fee is paid to the government in exchange for the right to distribute goods or services.

• Different goods or services have varying degrees of importance to the public interest, and therefore require different levels of protection.

• The level of protection required depends on how directly and immediately the good or service serves the public interest. This is known as its "demainality."

• For example, protecting the physical integrity of the president is an essential public interest that requires a high level of protection.

Protección del Patrimonio Histórico y la Gestión Gubernamental

In this section, the speaker discusses how certain public interests require specific protections. The speaker uses examples such as protecting historical landmarks and government officials to illustrate this point.

Protección del Palacio de Gobierno

• The Palacio de Gobierno (Government Palace) is an important historical landmark that requires protection under Peruvian law.

• Protecting government officials, such as the president, is also an essential public interest that requires specific protections.

• The level of protection required for a specific public interest depends on its importance and how directly it serves the public.

Escala de la Demanialidad

In this section, the speaker discusses the concept of "demaniality" and how it relates to protecting different public interests. The speaker explains that certain goods or services require more protection than others based on their importance to the public interest.

La Escala de la Demanialidad

• "Demaniality" refers to the level of protection required for a good or service based on its importance to the public interest.

• Different goods or services have varying levels of demaniality, which determines how much protection they require.

• Examples of goods or services with high demaniality include historical landmarks and government officials.

Clasificación de Contratación Estatal

In this section, the speaker discusses the classification of state contracts in Peru. The speaker explains that there are different types of contracts depending on their purpose and function.

Clasificación de Contratación Estatal

• State contracts in Peru are classified based on their purpose and function.

• A "contrato de atribución" is a type of state contract that allows for distribution rights in exchange for a monthly fee.

• There are other types of state contracts as well, such as administrative contracts.

Protección del Presidente y la Nación

In this section, the speaker discusses the importance of protecting the president and the nation. The speaker explains that certain public interests require specific protections.

Protección del Presidente y la Nación

• Protecting the physical integrity of the president is an essential public interest that requires a high level of protection.

• The president is protected not because of their location (such as in the Government Palace), but because they represent the nation.

• Protecting government officials who represent the nation is an essential public interest that requires specific protections.

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Demaniality and Property Rights

In this section, the speaker discusses the concept of demaniality and its impact on property rights. He also talks about the need for a reasonable demaniality that takes into account different levels and practical considerations.

Demaniality Total vs. Reasonable Demaniality

• Demaniality total excludes private property completely.

• Reasonable demaniality is necessary to create a balanced legal system that considers different types of property ownership.

• Implications of demaniality total: no private property at all.

Limits of Property Rights

• The idea that a person owns land up to the sky and down to hell is an extreme view on property rights.

• Public interest can lead to demanialization even if it affects private property.

• The current civil code in Peru has limitations in terms of considering public interest when it comes to property rights.

Reforming Property Laws

• The civil code needs reform to establish maximum limits for private properties, both above and below ground level.

• Building regulations should respect public goods such as sidewalks or green areas.

• Clarity is needed in the law regarding these limits so that people know what they are buying.

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Introduction to Public Goods

In this section, the speaker discusses the origins of public goods in Peru and how they are categorized.

Categorization of Public Goods

• The concept of public goods in Peru originated from Lady Castro's important court decisions that later became legal formulas.

• The Ley Estatal was created to assume this categorization and universalize it for all Peruvian public goods.

• There are two types of public goods: those with constitutional protections (bienes de mananales), and those without (bienes de uso público).

• Bienes de mananales have specific constitutional protections that make them difficult to transfer or change.

• The demanialidad is a daily proof that bienes de mananales serve the interest of the public.

Protections for Public Goods

• There are three main protections for bienes de mananales: inalienability, imprescriptibility, and non-transferability.

• A fourth protection was added by legislation: human rights protection.

• Bienes fungibles, unlike bienes de mananales, can be seized if they do not serve the interest of the public.

Conclusion

Public goods in Peru have specific constitutional protections that make them difficult to transfer or change. These protections ensure that these goods serve the interest of the public.

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Uso público y privado de la universidad

In this section, the speaker discusses the concept of public and private use of universities.

Definición de uso público y privado

• La universidad puede ser de uso público o privado.

• El uso público no define el servicio del interés público.

• Un bien comercial es de uso público pero no sirve el interés público sino un interés lucrativo privado.

Titularidad y definición del bien

• La titularidad define qué tipo de interés proteger.

• El uso público no define ni siquiera la titularidad del bien.

• Existe una propiedad privada de interés público que tiene carga constitucional.

Dinero y seguimiento

• Lo que vale es el tiempo, por eso muchas veces los privados hacen líquido el bien.

• El dinero entra en el ciclo presupuestario a la administración y luego se define dónde irá para servir al interés público haciendo seguimiento.

Propiedad Privada con Carga Constitucional

In this section, the speaker explains the concept of property that is privately owned but has a constitutional burden.

Propiedad Privada con Carga Constitucional

• Se llama propiedad privada con carga constitucional.

• La administración puede utilizar ese dinero para objetivos de interés público.

Empresa Pública

• La sociedad de beneficencia es un gran agente inmobiliario que tiene muchos inmuebles en Perú.

• La empresa pública tiene una visión más orgánica y se extrae de la Administración pública por ley congresar para crear una nueva organización económica.

Liberalización de la Actividad Pública

• La actividad pura que hace la sociedad de beneficencia es en realidad deshumidificación, lo que significa externalización o liberalización de la actividad pública.

• Para el mercantilista, el bien solamente los funcionarios dicen esto es aquí empresariales y claro donde hay lucro donde entran todos los elementos propios de la libertad de empresas excepcionales.

Tipología de bienes y funciones públicas

En esta sección, se discute la tipología de bienes y funciones públicas. Se mencionan tres clases de bienes y tres clases de funciones.

Clases de bienes y funciones

• Existen tres clases de bienes: públicos, privados y comunes.

• Las tres clases de funciones son: función pública, función social y función económica.

• La Constitución no define el uso público como una categoría constitucional. El uso público es más cuidadoso en el mundo funcional utilitario.

• Hay propiedades privadas que tienen obligaciones o cargas de servicio al interés público, como la propiedad cultural. También hay puertos privados que se utilizan para que terceros puedan ingresar siendo titularidad privada pero con cargas del servicio público.

Propiedad privada e interés público

• La legislación portuaria señala claramente que hay puestos privados de uso público. Por ejemplo, Chancay es el mayor puerto privado en Perú.

• En Piura, hubo un caso donde la municipalidad quería partir un campo para hacer una vía subterránea. Sin embargo, esto crearía una exposición innecesaria porque incluso podrían hacer un túnel sin afectar la superficie del campo.

• Es difícil sacar el pulmón verde descubierto en el país. Los elementos de protección no se dan en el dominio privado de los bienes públicos.

Imprescriptibilidad

• La imprescriptibilidad se extiende hasta los bienes de dominio privado. Los fines de dominios privados inmobiliarios solo inmobiliario predios particularmente terrenos celiacos no pueden prescribir así exista oposición pacífica verdad ni judicial ni administrativa ni por señalamiento de profesión informal de coco.

Urbanization and Property Ownership

This section discusses the role of public land in urban development and the legal framework for property ownership in Peru.

Public Land and Urban Development

• Public land is essential for urban development.

• Special zoning laws were created to protect public land from private ownership.

• Most of the land in cities is publicly owned, except for some cases where private ownership is allowed.

Legal Framework for Property Ownership

• Before 2010, public land was often illegally occupied by private individuals.

• In 2010, a new law was passed that made it impossible to acquire property through adverse possession on public land.

• However, there are still cases where people claim ownership of public land through adverse possession, which can lead to legal disputes.

• Adverse possession is a legal way to acquire private property in Peru.