Curso SAP Conceptos e iniciación - 9. Módulos y Estructura Organizativa
SAP Modules and Organizational Structure
Overview of SAP's Modular Structure
- SAP is composed of various modules, each addressing specific organizational needs. Companies select the necessary modules based on their business model.
- The SAP Business Suite includes applications tailored for different sectors, providing a core framework for managing business processes.
Key Applications in SAP Business Suite
- SAP ERP: Focuses on enterprise resource planning.
- CRM: Manages customer relationships.
- SRM: Handles supplier relationship management.
- SCM: Oversees supply chain management.
- PLM: Manages product lifecycle.
Grouping of SAP Modules
- In version 6.0, SAP modules are categorized into four main groups:
- Finance
- Logistics
- Human Resources
- Multi-applications
These categories serve as foundational elements for all solutions and versions of SAP.
Detailed Breakdown of Key Modules
Financial Management (FI)
- Covers financial accounting aspects such as financial statements, balance sheets, and cash flow analysis. It also includes cost accounting and performance measurement tools.
Material Management (MM)
- Deals with procurement processes including suppliers, materials, purchase prices, contracts, and inventory management.
Production Planning (PP)
- Manages finished products, material lists, routing processes, production orders, and execution control within manufacturing operations.
Sales & Distribution (SD)
- Encompasses everything related to customers including product sales and pricing strategies. Additionally includes specialized modules like PM for maintenance activities and HCM for human resources management tasks such as payroll and hiring processes.
Organizational Structure in SAP
Definition and Importance
- The organizational structure defines a company's layout within the system; it provides a unified view across all business perspectives through organizational units representing departments or divisions. This structure supports various business processes requiring organizational data input.
Hierarchical Aspects
- Legal Hierarchy: Determines which organizational units correspond to legal entities or tax residences.
- Financial Hierarchy: Groups costs and profits effectively.
- Line Hierarchy: Tracks relevant personnel tasks along with their responsibilities.
- Functional Hierarchy: Monitors task approvals related to functions; serves as the basis for work distribution among employees.
To model an organization's structure accurately requires clear data about registered entities, locations of companies, hierarchical summaries of employees/managers' roles/responsibilities along with internal/external financial reporting structures needed for effective operation management within the system context.
Example of Purchasing Process Structure
The purchasing process consists of several key components:
- Mandant: An independent unit in the system with its own data environment.
- Company Code/Society: Represents an independent department within the organization.
- Center/Logistics Unit: Coordinates production planning alongside procurement activities.
- Warehouses/Stock Units: Differentiates material stock levels across centers while maintaining inventory accuracy at warehouse levels.
- Purchasing Organization: Negotiates general purchasing conditions applicable to one or multiple centers.
This structured approach ensures efficient handling of procurement activities across various operational areas within an organization using SAP systems effectively.
Understanding the Mandante in SAP
Overview of Mandante
- The mandante represents the highest level within an organizational structure in SAP, encompassing all sales organizations and other units.
- It serves as a technical element to segment data structures in SAP tables, facilitating data integrity and reuse across dependent organizational units.
- The term "mandante" is distinct from "client" in English; it connects users to the SAP system through user credentials linked to a master record.
User Data Creation
- User data creation is tied to a master record associated with the mandante, allowing access to the SAP system for users.
Course Conclusion