Past Perfect & Past Perfect Continuous Tense ระดับมัธยม by ครูพี่เบ็ค l สรุป English Grammar
Understanding Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous
Introduction to Past Tenses
- The lesson introduces the final series on past tenses, focusing on Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous.
- The instructor emphasizes that while these tenses are not frequently encountered, understanding them is essential.
Distinction Between Present Perfect and Past Perfect
- A comparison is made between Present Perfect (has/have + verb 3) and Past Perfect, highlighting their structural similarities.
- Transitioning from Present to Past involves changing "has/have" to "had," indicating a shift in tense.
Structure of Past Perfect Sentences
- The basic structure for affirmative sentences in Past Perfect is outlined as: subject + had + verb 3.
- For negative sentences, "not" is added after "had," forming "had not" or its contraction "hadn't."
- In questions, the auxiliary verb "had" precedes the subject followed by the verb in its third form.
Usage of Past Perfect with Time Indicators
- The instructor explains that Past Perfect often appears alongside time indicators like “before,” “after,” or “when.”
- It’s noted that this tense signifies actions completed before another action in the past.
Examples Illustrating Usage
- An example sentence illustrates how to use both tenses: “After I finished my homework, I went to the park.”
- The sequence of events is clarified through examples showing which action occurred first based on tense usage.
Key Takeaways on Time Indicators
- Specific time phrases such as “by the time” indicate a need for using Passive voice rather than Past Perfect.
- Examples demonstrate how context clues help determine whether to use Passive or Past Perfect constructions.
Understanding Past Perfect Tense
Introduction to Past Perfect
- The discussion begins with the concept of the past perfect tense, emphasizing its use in indicating actions that occurred before another action in the past.
- An example is provided: "After we had eaten dinner, we went for a walk," illustrating how one event (eating dinner) precedes another (going for a walk).
Structure and Usage
- The structure of past perfect is explained as "had" + past participle. For instance, "I had finished dinner" indicates completion before another action.
- Clarification on contractions like "I'd" (I had) and their usage in sentences is discussed, highlighting the importance of recognizing verb forms.
Verb Forms and Contractions
- The distinction between using "had" with a past participle versus using "would" with an infinitive verb form is made clear.
- Examples are given to illustrate these differences, reinforcing understanding through practical application.
Exercises on Past Perfect
- Transitioning into exercises, participants are encouraged to practice forming sentences using the past perfect tense.
- An example exercise involves transforming sentences into past perfect form, such as changing “The train has just left” to “The train had just left.”
Practical Application of Past Perfect
- Various scenarios are presented where students must convert simple past statements into past perfect constructions.
- Specific examples include situations involving forgetting tickets or completing tasks before certain events occur.
Summary of Key Exercises
- A summary of key exercises includes converting phrases like “He couldn’t walk because he fell during the game” into correct past perfect forms.
- Each exercise reinforces understanding by requiring students to identify which actions occurred first and apply appropriate verb forms.
Final Thoughts on Past Perfect Usage
- The session concludes with additional examples demonstrating how context determines whether to use past perfect or simple past tense.
- Emphasis is placed on recognizing time indicators within sentences that signal when to apply each tense correctly.
Understanding Past Perfect Tense
Key Concepts of Past Perfect Tense
- The discussion begins with the concept of "head drop" and how it relates to the past perfect tense, illustrated by the example: "she broke her phone."
- The phrase "we had not seen the movie before" is introduced, emphasizing that this action occurred prior to watching the movie together.
- An example is provided: "He had left the house by the time I got there," indicating that his departure happened before another event (arriving).
Application of Past Perfect in Context
- The sentence structure for actions occurring sequentially is explained using: "She had cleaned the room before she sat down," highlighting chronological order.
- Another example illustrates that "the teacher had already marked the test when we asked about our score," reinforcing that marking occurred first.
More Examples and Clarifications
- The phrase “My mom had already left” clarifies that her leaving happened before waking up, showcasing a clear timeline.
- A dream leading to songwriting is discussed: “She wrote a song after she had had a dream about it,” demonstrating cause and effect in past perfect usage.
Transitioning to Past Perfect Continuous
- The transition from past perfect to past perfect continuous is introduced, noting their similarities but also their distinct uses in expressing ongoing actions.
- Structure for past perfect continuous includes subject + have + been + verb-ing, which indicates an action was ongoing until another event occurred.
Illustrative Examples of Past Perfect Continuous
- An example shows how to form negative sentences in past perfect continuous: “had not been + verb-ing.”
- A practical illustration states: “We had been discussing this topic for 3 hours when the boss came in,” showing continuity leading up to another event.
Understanding Past Perfect Tense
Introduction to Past Perfect Tense
- The speaker explains the concept of past perfect tense, illustrating it with examples. For instance, "She had been studying for 2 hours" indicates that the studying occurred before taking a break.
- The use of "after" in sentences shows the sequence of events, emphasizing that one action must occur before another.
Key Examples and Exercises
- An exercise is introduced where participants need to determine whether to use past perfect or past simple based on which event occurred first.
- Example: "I had been practicing the piano for months before the concert started," highlights continuous action leading up to a specific point in time.
More Illustrative Sentences
- Another example discusses a friend who "had been working at the company for a decade when she decided to quit," showcasing how past perfect reflects ongoing actions prior to another event.
- The phrase “by the time I arrived” indicates that waiting was an ongoing action in the past, thus requiring past perfect construction.
Summary of Exercise Answers
- In response to exercise questions, various scenarios are analyzed:
- Example: "The ground was wet because it had been raining for several hours," illustrates how rain's duration affects conditions.
Conclusion on Past Perfect Usage
- The speaker concludes by summarizing key points about using past perfect and its continuous form. Understanding these tenses helps clarify timelines in narratives and enhances comprehension of English grammar structures.