PROCESO CONSTRUCTIVO CARRETERA

Constructive Processes in Pavement Construction

Overview of Constructive Processes

• The construction process involves a seating surface for structural layers of pavement, consisting of three zones: base, body, and crown. The crown is the upper layer with a thickness of 0.30 meters.

Preparation of the Seating Surface

• The first step in constructing an embankment is preparing the seating surface by removing vegetation and unsuitable materials. Homogeneous material must be placed in uniform layers not exceeding 0.30 meters when compacted. Material should be stockpiled at a distance that allows for even thickness.

Mixing and Compaction Process

• A motor grader mixes the material to ensure optimal moisture content for required compaction. After achieving homogeneity, vibratory rollers are used to compact the material to 90% density for base and body layers, and 95% for the crown layer based on modified Proctor test results. Upper layers cannot be placed until lower ones meet specified characteristics.

Performance Metrics

• The activity's performance has exceeded contractual expectations, achieving over 1548.6 cubic meters daily with granular layers composed of crushed stone meeting both coarse and fine aggregate requirements. This layer serves as a resilient element transmitting traffic loads while ensuring good drainage properties through frictional qualities.

Base Granular Layer Construction

Initiation of Base Layer Placement

• Placement of granular base material occurs only after satisfactory completion of the subgrade layer, avoiding segregation during application due to its compacted thickness requirement of 0.36 meters divided into two layers each measuring 0.18 meters thick. Moisture content must be appropriate before spreading using a motor grader for uniformity across specified cross-sections in plans.

Compacting Techniques

• Compaction is performed using smooth rollers progressing from inner edges outward on tangents and curves until reaching specified thicknesses with no less than 95% maximum density as per modified Proctor tests; this ensures structural integrity throughout the base layer construction process.

Priming Process

Application of Bituminous Material

• Priming involves applying bituminous material along with a drying agent covering all surfaces according to pre-established rates to protect against weather elements while enhancing adhesion between granular bases and asphalt concrete layers.

Conditions for Application

• Prior to priming, loose materials must be removed using mechanical sweepers; application should occur under dry conditions preferably during warmer parts of the day when surfaces appear dry but not if rain is imminent.

Asphalt Concrete Pavement Layer

Composition and Manufacturing

• Asphalt pavement directly supports tire loads while transferring stresses downwards; hot mix asphalt is produced industrially at an asphalt plant where aggregates are dosed, combined, heated, mixed with asphalt cement along with hydrated filler.

Delivery and Application Process

• Once adequately mixed at approximately 140 degrees Celsius, asphalt concrete is transported via dump trucks designed to prevent sticking; upon arrival at application sites, it’s deposited into pavers which utilize sensors for alignment maintaining defined thicknesses during initial compaction phases.

This structured approach provides clarity on key processes involved in pavement construction while linking back to specific timestamps for further reference or study purposes.

Proceso de Compactación de Carpeta Asfáltica

Fases del Proceso de Compactación

• La primera fase utiliza un rodillo liso tipo tandem que aplica vibración, lo que incrementa la densidad de la carpeta asfáltica recién colocada. Esta etapa es crucial para asegurar una base sólida.

• La compactación inicial se realiza a una temperatura aproximada de 135 grados centígrados, lo cual es esencial para lograr la efectividad en el proceso.

• En la segunda fase, se emplean dos rodillos neumáticos para alcanzar la densidad requerida en la carpeta asfáltica.

• Esta segunda etapa de compactación se lleva a cabo a una temperatura cercana a los 127 grados centígrados, asegurando que el material mantenga sus propiedades adecuadas durante el proceso.