Partenón-Panteón Comparación

Comparison of the Parthenon and the Pantheon

The Parthenon: A Masterpiece of Greek Architecture

• The Parthenon represents the culmination of centuries of evolution in Greek temple design, specifically as a Doric temple with eight columns at its front.

• Optical corrections were employed to enhance its slender appearance, including slight thickening of columns and adjustments in spacing, creating an aesthetically pleasing view for spectators.

• Phidias introduced the golden ratio into the design, which has been studied extensively since the 19th century; this proportion is evident in various elements throughout the structure.

• The Parthenon's interior space was not designed for human use but rather to house a massive statue of Athena, emphasizing its role as a grand representation rather than a functional space.

• It is described as a gigantic sculpture itself, focusing on external beauty over internal utility.

The Pantheon: Roman Architectural Innovation

• In contrast to Greek architecture, Romans prioritized interior space; they created structures like amphitheaters and baths that emphasized user experience within these spaces.

• The Pantheon serves as a temple dedicated to all gods and reflects Roman architectural mastery by housing numerous deities within its vast interior.

• Its façade resembles that of Greek temples but features monolithic columns that are significantly heavier due to being carved from single pieces of stone.

• Inside, the Pantheon's cella symbolizes the cosmos with a perfect sphere representing divine order; it includes an oculus functioning as a solar clock illuminating different areas throughout the day.

• Each architectural element corresponds to celestial bodies; for instance, coffered ceilings represent planets while the oculus symbolizes the sun.

Engineering Marvel: Construction Techniques

• Apollodorus of Damascus played a crucial role in designing this monumental structure; innovative materials allowed for lighter construction methods essential for such large domes.

• The dome's dimensions (43 meters high and wide), along with advanced Roman concrete techniques, enabled unprecedented structural stability without excessive weight.