Compliance: Ley 27401 y Lineamientos de Integridad para empresas de la Oficina

Introduction to Compliance

Welcome and Context

• The session begins with a warm welcome, expressing gratitude towards the Colegio de Aguas in La Plata for hosting an academic event focused on compliance.

• The speaker highlights frequent inquiries from legal professionals regarding the concept of compliance, its activities, and its significance in daily practice.

Presenters Introduction

• Dr. Dalma París is introduced as a regulatory compliance director at Siemens South America, emphasizing her expertise in corporate law and involvement in the Women in Compliance network.

• Marcelo thanks Dr. París for joining the discussion aimed at educating lawyers about compliance practices.

Understanding Compliance

Key Definitions and Concepts

• Dr. Diego Martínez is also introduced as a compliance consultant, contributing to the dialogue on compliance's relevance today.

• The speakers aim to clarify what compliance entails within both legal frameworks and practical business operations.

Development of Compliance Activities

• Dr. París explains that while compliance has existed for years, it gained prominence in Argentina following the enactment of Law 27.400.

• She shares personal anecdotes about her role as a compliance officer, illustrating challenges faced when explaining this profession to others.

The Role of Compliance Officers

Responsibilities and Ethical Considerations

• Compliance involves ensuring adherence to regulations while maintaining ethical standards; it's not just about legality but also integrity.

• The distinction between legal practice as an attorney versus that of a compliance officer is emphasized; one can be legally compliant yet ethically questionable.

Historical Context and Global Influence

• The origins of modern compliance practices are traced back to U.S. regulations like the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), which addresses illegal activities by companies abroad.

• As international trade expanded, there arose a need for regulations governing how businesses operate across borders, leading to increased scrutiny from regulators.

Globalization and Regulatory Needs

Extraterritoriality in Business Operations

• Companies operating internationally must navigate complex regulatory environments due to extraterritorial laws that apply regardless of where actions occur.

Understanding Compliance in Business Operations

The Importance of Equal Rules in Business

• The concept of "leveling the playing field" is crucial for ensuring that all parties operate under the same rules, which is essential for effective collaboration and understanding.

• An analogy is drawn between card games, emphasizing that differing rules (e.g., poker vs. truco) can lead to confusion and conflict in business operations.

Compliance and Corporate Integrity

• Discussion on how compliance relates to corporate integrity, particularly regarding hiring practices and internal management within organizations.

• The term "compliance" encompasses various meanings; it’s important to clarify what aspects are being discussed when addressing compliance issues.

Regulatory Pressures and Internal Responses

• Compliance involves responding to regulatory pressures by organizing internally to meet both internal codes of ethics and external regulations.

• Companies must navigate their responsibilities concerning corporate behavior, focusing not just on individual actions but also on collective behaviors representing the company.

Evolving Compliance Frameworks

• The role of a compliance officer is highlighted as integral in developing organizational responses to regulatory demands while fostering a professional community focused on shared learning.

• A comprehensive view of compliance includes understanding regulatory pressures, internal functions, and the body of knowledge developed collaboratively among professionals.

New Legal Requirements Impacting Businesses

• Recent legal changes (e.g., Law 27.401 in Argentina) have introduced new anticorruption regulations that significantly impact national companies compared to multinational corporations already accustomed to such frameworks.

• These laws create a strong incentive for businesses to self-organize ethically due to potential penalties associated with corrupt practices committed by employees or third parties acting on behalf of the company.

Implementing Integrity Programs

• There’s an emerging demand for professionals who can help design integrity programs—essentially anticorruption compliance systems—as mandated by new legislation.

• Questions arise about how businesses can effectively implement these programs sustainably while demonstrating their adequacy during legal scrutiny or procurement processes.

Challenges Faced by National Companies

• National companies face unique challenges when adapting to new compliance requirements, especially if they previously lacked structured compliance frameworks.

• Discussions include how small businesses (PYMEs), in particular, can establish credibility through integrity programs when seeking partnerships or financing from larger entities.

Conclusion: Navigating New Realities

• The conversation emphasizes the need for businesses—especially local ones—to adapt proactively to new regulatory realities rather than reactively after facing sanctions.

Understanding Compliance Programs in Business

The Necessity of Integrity Programs

• Businesses may be compelled to implement integrity programs to participate in tenders, highlighting the difference between mandatory compliance and voluntary adoption based on awareness of regulations.

• The urgency for compliance varies significantly among businesses, influenced by their economic capacity and business models.

Differences in Compliance Across Business Sizes

• There is a notable disparity between compliance programs of multinational corporations and small to medium enterprises (SMEs), yet regulatory compliance remains a common thread.

• Compliance is an interdisciplinary field that requires insights from various professions to effectively analyze risks.

Risk Awareness and Management

• A fundamental aspect of compliance involves anticipating potential risks within a company and strategizing on how to mitigate or transfer those risks.

• Understanding risk is crucial; one cannot operate effectively without being aware of existing risks, which influences decision-making processes.

Legal Framework for Compliance in Argentina

• While compliance extends beyond legal frameworks, it can be defined legally within Argentina through Law 27.401, enacted in 2017, which outlines integrity program requirements.

• Article 22 defines what constitutes an integrity program while Article 23 details its components, providing a local perspective on compliance.

Elements of an Integrity Program

• An integrity program consists of specific tools and actions aimed at preventing corruption-related crimes as outlined by Law 27.400.

• Key offenses include bribery and other public administration crimes that companies must guard against through systematic measures.

Implementation Strategies for Companies

• Developing an effective integrity program requires structured actions aligned with the company's values rather than arbitrary policies.

• Essential elements may include training protocols for interacting with public officials and mechanisms for reporting violations while ensuring whistleblower protection.

Global Context of Compliance Regulations

• As businesses operate globally, they must navigate varying international regulations regarding bribery and corruption, making adherence to local laws essential while also considering global standards.

Compliance Challenges and Legal Frameworks

Interaction with Judicial Power

• The difficulty of compliance is significantly influenced by interactions with the judicial system, particularly during investigations. This can lead to reactions motivated by potential sanctions, which are often substantial and can threaten a company's business continuity.

Collective Discussion on Compliance

• A network has formed among compliance officers in the local context, allowing for the exchange of experiences. The enactment of Law 27,401 facilitated collective discussions that brought clarity to compliance norms and practices.

Implementation of Integrity Programs

• Implementing an integrity program requires thorough examination of legal guidelines. While initial readings may leave doubts, detailed lineaments provide clearer guidance for compliance officers in ensuring adherence to regulations.

Disciplinary Effects on Public and Private Sectors

• The law has a dissuasive effect on both private companies and public organizations regarding contracts and tenders, reinforcing internal controls within businesses as well as public entities. This shift aims to enhance oversight in commercial interactions.

Addressing Inequality in Compliance Practices

• There exists a disparity between multinational corporations with robust compliance programs and local firms that may only have superficial codes of conduct. The law aims to address this imbalance by establishing clearer expectations for integrity programs across all sectors.

Ethical Operations vs Reality

• While many companies claim ethical operations, deeper inquiries reveal inconsistencies in practice. The law encourages discussions about operational ethics beyond mere declarations, emphasizing sustainability and market resonance among businesses.

Tools for Combatting Market Inequalities

• Effective integrity programs equip companies with tools to combat inequalities prevalent in the market landscape, fostering a culture where ethical practices are not just formalities but essential components of business strategy.

Importance of Deterrence

• The concept of deterrence is crucial; however, its effectiveness remains uncertain without judicial precedents enforcing the law's provisions rigorously. True commitment from legal authorities is necessary for meaningful change in compliance behavior among businesses.

Understanding the Penal Law and Compliance

The Purpose of the Penal Law

• The penal law aims to deter misconduct, although its effectiveness remains uncertain. It is essential for magistrates to understand compliance as they begin to familiarize themselves with this concept.

Legislative Context and Debate

• The law was debated in a politically charged environment around mid-2007, highlighting a rich discussion within civil society and an aggressive parliamentary debate.

Incentives Over Punishments

• Unlike other laws that impose sanctions, this penal law focuses on incentivizing compliance among corporations. It recognizes various forms of corporate responsibility, including administrative and criminal liabilities.

Scope of Application

• This law applies broadly to all private companies in Argentina, sending a clear message that any wrongdoing conducted in their name will result in penalties if it benefits the company.

Penalties for Corporate Misconduct

• Companies can be fined if they are found guilty of facilitating bribery or benefiting from corrupt practices. The severity of fines depends on the company's efforts to prevent such actions.

Incentives for Compliance Programs

Importance of Preventive Measures

• Companies must establish robust compliance programs to mitigate risks; failure to do so may lead to harsher penalties during legal proceedings.

Role of Self-reporting

• A self-reporting mechanism exists where companies can potentially reduce their penalties by demonstrating proactive compliance measures and cooperating with investigations.

Unique Aspects of Corporate Responsibility

• The law introduces a unique "whistleblower" program for companies willing to provide information during ongoing investigations while committing to improve their practices.

Legal Defense Strategies

Collaboration with Legal Experts

• Engaging skilled legal professionals is crucial when defending against charges under this law. A well-prepared defense should highlight effective compliance programs based on risk analysis.

Ethical Codes as Defense Tools

• Presenting a strong ethical code developed through thorough risk assessment can serve as an effective defense strategy against allegations under the penal law.

Implications for Business Integrity Plans

Integrating Ethics into Business Practices

• Businesses need comprehensive integrity plans aligned with ethical standards outlined by anti-corruption offices, which could help them avoid sanctions related to non-compliance.

This structured approach provides clarity on key discussions surrounding the penal law's implications for corporate behavior and compliance strategies within Argentina's legal framework.

Understanding Integrity Guidelines in Anti-Corruption Efforts

Personal Connection to the Anti-Corruption Office

• The speaker expresses a personal connection to the anti-corruption office, having contributed to its development and drafting processes. This involvement affects their objectivity regarding the integrity guidelines book.

Importance of Technical Guidelines

• The technical guidelines and laws provide frameworks for implementing integrity programs in Argentina, emphasizing that these should align with specific risks and capacities of each company.

Key Elements of an Integrity Program

• Essential components include:

• Code of ethics

• Policies for dealing with officials

• Whistleblower protection mechanisms

• Compliance officer roles

These elements must be tailored to fit each company's unique context.

Legal Framework vs. Ethical Conviction

• Relying solely on legal requirements can lead companies astray; ethical commitment is crucial for genuine compliance. Companies should not just follow laws out of fear but strive for best practices based on industry standards.

Learning from Past Mistakes

• Companies that have faced investigations learn valuable lessons about compliance, which helps them avoid future pitfalls and improve their integrity practices over time. Understanding past failures is essential for growth in compliance efforts.

Implementing Effective Integrity Programs

Understanding Company Risks

• A thorough understanding of a company's operations, market environment, and associated risks is vital before implementing an integrity program. This includes recognizing exposure levels when working with third parties or intermediaries.

Crafting a Relevant Code of Ethics

• The code of ethics must reflect the company's values and corporate strategy while being structured appropriately based on its communication goals and sustainability messages. It should resonate with employees at all levels.

Commitment from Leadership

• For an integrity program to succeed, it requires strong commitment from top management; without this buy-in, implementation will face significant challenges regardless of legal mandates or international practices.

Risk Analysis and Policy Development

• Conducting risk assessments is necessary to develop clear policies regarding procurement and hiring practices that align with ethical standards while ensuring compliance across all operations within the company.

Training as a Compliance Pillar

• Training employees on ethical conduct is critical; it ensures everyone understands the company’s values and expectations regarding behavior, fostering a culture where unethical actions are intolerable within the organization.

Training and Compliance Culture in Organizations

Importance of Continuous Training

• Training staff is insufficient; ongoing education is necessary due to high employee turnover and the need for constant reinforcement of company norms.

• Education must be persistent to foster a culture of compliance, which is challenging but essential for organizational integrity.

Leadership's Role in Compliance

• High-level executives must exemplify company values during meetings; their actions should align with their words to avoid contradictions that undermine trust.

• The concept of "tone from the top" emphasizes that leadership behavior significantly influences organizational culture and compliance adherence.

Monitoring and Detection Processes

• Effective compliance requires continuous monitoring to ensure implemented processes are functioning correctly, including checks on integrity programs.

• Clear purchasing processes enhance competitiveness among suppliers by establishing transparent criteria for participation, reducing managerial discretion.

Risk Management in Payments

• Monitoring third-party payments is crucial as they can pose significant risks, such as transactions involving tax havens that require careful scrutiny.

• Export controls present challenges within compliance frameworks; all import processes must adhere to local legislation to mitigate legal risks.

Collaboration with Partners

• Establishing clear operational guidelines with commercial partners ensures accountability and defines expectations regarding documentation and monitoring practices.

• Regular checks are necessary to confirm that collaborative efforts meet compliance standards, allowing for timely corrections when issues arise.

Consequences of Non-compliance

• Identifying misconduct necessitates corrective actions; failure to impose sanctions undermines the effectiveness of prevention measures within the organization.

• Sanctions are critical alongside prevention and detection strategies; without them, employees may question the value of adhering to compliance protocols.

Internal Investigations and Legal Considerations

• Internal investigations require collaboration with legal teams due to varying legislative challenges across jurisdictions affecting compliance enforcement.

• A comprehensive integrity program encompasses more than just a code of conduct; it involves a balanced approach between prevention, detection, and response mechanisms.

Whistleblower Protection

• Protecting whistleblowers is vital for maintaining an effective reporting system within organizations, ensuring that concerns can be raised without fear of retaliation.

Whistleblower Protection and Compliance Programs

Importance of Whistleblower Protection

• Emphasizes the necessity of whistleblower protection to encourage reporting of crimes or misconduct, highlighting that without a comfortable environment for reporting, compliance efforts are hindered.

• Stresses that whistleblowers must feel assured about their confidentiality and protection from retaliation, particularly in cases where they report conflicts of interest involving superiors.

Balancing Compliance and Reporting

• Discusses the delicate balance required in compliance systems to ensure employees can report issues without fear of repercussions, which is crucial for effective oversight.

Tailoring Compliance Programs to Company Size

• Points out that compliance programs should be tailored according to the size and economic capacity of each company, especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

• Notes that SMEs may perceive corruption risks differently than larger organizations, suggesting they can still benefit from ethical systems even if they don't operate in public sectors.

Simplifying Ethical Guidelines for SMEs

• Argues that smaller companies do not need complex compliance structures; clear communication from leadership about acceptable practices suffices.

• Suggests creating simple codes of ethics that outline unacceptable behaviors and expectations regarding interactions with officials.

Minimum Requirements for Compliance Programs

• States that having a code of ethics, policies on interactions with officials, and training are essential minimum elements for an adequate compliance program under Argentine law.

• Highlights that these foundational elements can be implemented affordably within SMEs without incurring significant costs.

Building Internal Capabilities

• Encourages SMEs to develop internal capabilities gradually by utilizing available resources such as online materials and peer advice rather than relying on extensive external structures.

Leveraging Technology in Compliance

• Mentions how technology enables even small businesses to access tools previously considered too costly, facilitating better compliance management.

Understanding the Risks and Benefits of Technology in Compliance

The Role of Technology in Compliance

• The use of technology introduces various risks that companies must consider, emphasizing that compliance is not just about adhering to specific regulations like 27 401.

• Implementing a robust integrity program may incur initial costs but ultimately leads to operational continuity and peace of mind for executives, whether in SMEs or large multinationals.

Ethical Standards and Corporate Responsibility

• Discussion on ethical performance requirements for IT specialists highlights the need for clear communication regarding integrity plans within organizations.

• CEOs and internal auditors often seek assurance on ethical practices, indicating a demand for high standards in corporate ethics.

Commitment from Leadership

• High-level commitment must translate into actionable resources; this includes the autonomy and hierarchical position of compliance officers within the company structure.

• Concrete actions reflecting leadership commitment are essential; without proper support, compliance efforts can be undermined.

Resource Allocation and Participation

• The allocation of resources to compliance initiatives varies by company, affecting how effectively these programs can be implemented.

• Active participation from directors is crucial; their involvement in training and communication reinforces the importance of compliance throughout the organization.

Addressing Legal Compliance Challenges

• A question raised about Article 24's obligations reveals complexities in understanding legal requirements related to public contracts.

• There are challenges due to ambiguities in legal language which necessitate familiarity with administrative law for proper interpretation.

Understanding Article 24 and Integrity Programs in Public Contracts

Overview of Legal Framework

• The speaker discusses their background as a penal lawyer and the support they receive from an administrative lawyer spouse, highlighting their experience with public procurement processes.

• Emphasizes that Article 24 mandates the necessity of demonstrating an integrity program to engage in contracts with the state, setting a legal framework for compliance.

Requirements for Public Procurement

• Clarifies that having an integrity program is essential for participating in public tenders; this requirement adds another layer to existing legal incentives related to public contracting.

• Notes that while Article 24 applies broadly, its implementation varies across different types of tenders and is not universally applicable to all situations.

Applicability Across Different Jurisdictions

• Discusses how Article 24's requirements are primarily enforced at the national level, but do not extend uniformly to provincial entities or other governmental bodies like municipalities or judicial branches.

• Highlights that only national executive agencies are mandated to require integrity programs from companies bidding on contracts, indicating a selective enforcement based on jurisdictional authority.

Variations in Implementation

• Points out that some provinces may voluntarily adopt these regulations; Mendoza is cited as an example where adherence has occurred beyond just Article 24’s stipulations.

• Mentions that each government entity can create its own procurement guidelines, which may include additional requirements for integrity programs even if not legally mandated by Article 24.

Examples and Case Studies

• Provides examples of specific tenders where integrity programs were required despite not being obligatory under Article 24, illustrating practical applications of the law in real-world scenarios.

• Cites the Portezuelo del Viento project as a significant case where integrity program requirements were imposed by local authorities during a major public works tender.

Future Implications and Trends

• Discusses potential shifts in policy regarding public-private partnerships (PPPs), noting changes in government interest towards these arrangements and their implications for future contract requirements.

• Concludes with observations about ongoing trends in public procurement practices concerning goods and services, emphasizing varying obligations based on urgency and type of service provided.

Understanding Compliance in Public Contracts

The Role of Legislation in Contracting

• The legislation ties the requirement for compliance programs to contracts signed at the ministerial level, not smaller contracts made below that authority.

• When the state engages in contracting, it must consider estimated amounts which can vary based on updated purchasing modules; this complexity complicates understanding which tenders require compliance programs.

• For urgent contracts, a threshold of approximately 100,000 pesos is set, while larger national tenders exceed 270 million pesos; above these amounts, compliance programs are mandated.

Evaluation and Requirements for Bidders

• Each tender requires bidders to declare their possession of a compliance program as part of their offer submission; this is assessed before evaluating price and conditions.

• The integrity program is only mandatory for certain large tenders; however, there is an increasing trend towards requiring such documentation even when not obligatory.

Scrutiny and Compliance Culture

• Generally, the scrutiny over submitted compliance declarations is less rigorous than what would be expected in criminal cases; companies often just submit sworn statements confirming they have a program.

• There’s a tendency among bidders to fill out simple forms indicating their compliance status rather than engaging deeply with the requirements.

Examples and Observations from Current Tenders

• Various public works tenders now include integrity program requirements; examples include new regulations from national road agencies and public works ministries.

• A specific case mentioned involves the concession tender for Retiro bus terminal, highlighting how even concessions are beginning to demand integrity programs.

Future Implications and Regulatory Oversight

• There are currently no known investigations by the state regarding corporate ethics or penalties under this law yet; anticipation exists around future applications of these regulations.

• The lack of regulatory authority overseeing corporate compliance means that current assessments rely heavily on external studies or industry associations rather than direct government intervention.

Understanding Compliance and Data Privacy

The Importance of Jurisprudence in Compliance

• A consolidated jurisprudence presents varied perspectives and jurisdictions, which will be interesting to study as it develops over time.

Role of Compliance Officers

• Compliance officers must engage in a dogmatic analysis of culpability, ensuring they are aware of all company products to understand associated risks.

Understanding Products and Services

• It is crucial for compliance officers to comprehend the company's products and services; without this knowledge, assessing risks becomes ineffective.

Relationship Between Business Operations and Compliance

• A close relationship between compliance functions and business operations is essential for effective risk management. Continuous exposure to business activities enhances compliance effectiveness.

Data Privacy Officer Responsibilities

• In some companies, the roles of compliance officer and data privacy officer may overlap; however, in tech-heavy firms like fintech or Google, these roles often need separation due to complexity.

Complexity in Data Protection Design

• Companies with advanced technology require a robust approach known as "data privacy by design," emphasizing the intricate nature of personal data protection.

Legislative Context in Argentina

• Argentina's strict data protection legislation contrasts with other regions, necessitating comprehensive access for compliance officers to all information sources within a company.

Risk Analysis in Compliance Practice

• Effective risk analysis guides compliance officers' actions; they should prioritize monitoring high-risk areas based on prior assessments rather than attempting to oversee every process.

Variability Based on Company Type

• The specific requirements for knowledge vary significantly between different types of companies (e.g., tech vs. manufacturing), but foundational product understanding remains critical across sectors.

Team Dynamics in Compliance Functions

• Larger organizations typically have dedicated teams handling various aspects of compliance, highlighting the importance of collaboration between generalists and specialists within the business structure.

This structured summary captures key insights from the transcript while providing timestamps for easy reference.

Response to Gabriel's Question

Understanding the Legal Framework

• The speaker affirms a double "yes" to Gabriel's question, indicating that both inquiries posed receive affirmative responses.

• Caution is advised when interpreting legal dogma; the speaker prefers a more practical approach, especially for non-penalists who may feel overwhelmed by complex legal discussions.

• Emphasizes the importance of explaining legal responsibilities in simple terms to benefit colleagues outside of penal law.

Responsibility and Compliance

• Discusses the concept of responsibility as a participant or co-author in criminal acts, highlighting that it requires intentional contribution to another's criminal actions.

• Clarifies that mere ignorance or recent appointment does not absolve compliance officers from accountability; they must actively control and monitor their areas of responsibility.

Active Participation in Criminal Acts

• A compliance officer can be held liable if they knowingly fail to act against criminal activities within their organization, contributing significantly to the crime.

• If a compliance officer collaborates with an offender, they transition from being merely a participant to a functional co-author due to shared intent and action.

Navigating Legal Complexities

• Highlights the challenges faced in corruption cases where political influences often overshadow strict legal interpretations.

• Stresses that maintaining proper oversight according to one's role can mitigate risks associated with potential criminal liability.

Practical Advice for Compliance Officers

• Advises on clearly defining one’s scope of control within their role; ambiguity can lead to uncomfortable situations during explanations or investigations.

• Recommends regular internal communication about issues observed within processes while maintaining professionalism and clarity without overwhelming others with excessive documentation.

Discussion on Legal Responsibilities and Compliance

The Importance of Internal Analysis in Legal Roles

• Emphasizes the necessity of not fearing one's role in legal functions, highlighting the importance of self-analysis when taking positions or jobs.

• Discusses the need to assess personal risk tolerance before assuming responsibilities, suggesting that one should reconsider their function if they are unwilling to take risks.

Comparative Law Insights

• Mentions the lack of precedents in local law but references comparative law from Germany and Spain regarding criminal economic law.

• Notes that there have been cases of liability for omission in comparative jurisprudence, stressing that culpability must be intentional (doloso) for legal relevance.

Personal Anecdotes and Educational Experiences

• Shares a personal experience with a colleague during discussions on criminal responsibility laws, illustrating how perceptions can change based on knowledge and context.

• Reflects on a respected judge's transition from student to educator, showcasing her impressive teaching abilities and impact on students' understanding of compliance.

Women in Compliance Network

• Introduces "Women in Compliance," a network focused on ethics and integrity among women professionals, emphasizing shared experiences and best practices.

• Highlights the network's commitment to promoting leadership among women while addressing issues related to gender diversity and inclusion within professional settings.

Overcoming Biases in Leadership

• Discusses cognitive biases affecting women's advancement into leadership roles, noting societal prejudices about women's capabilities.

• Points out generational differences in mindset regarding teamwork between older women and younger generations, indicating an opportunity for mutual learning within the network.

Women in Compliance: Building Networks and Skills

The Importance of Soft Skills and Leadership

• Emphasizes the need for soft skills, leadership, and experience beyond professional expertise to influence effectively.

• Highlights the importance of assertiveness as a learned skill, advocating for solidarity and networking among women in compliance.

Membership Requirements and Application Process

• Discusses the criteria for joining "Women in Compliance," focusing on connections to ethics or compliance units within organizations.

• Provides details on how to apply through social media platforms like Twitter or their website, with a committee evaluating applications every two months.

Capacity Building Initiatives

• Describes committees within the network that organize training sessions leveraging collective expertise among members.

• Stresses the goal of increasing female representation at events by encouraging invitations to women when panels are predominantly male.

Inclusion of Male Stakeholders

• Introduces the concept of "multiplicator stakeholders," including supportive men from various sectors who promote women's activities in compliance.

• Mentions notable supporters like Diego Ferreira from Transparency International, emphasizing collaboration across genders.

Educational Opportunities in Compliance

• Suggests that both men and women can benefit from learning about compliance, regardless of their current institutional affiliations.

• Points out various educational resources available for those interested in compliance, including free content offered by associations focused on ethics.

Specialized Training Across Sectors

• Lists universities offering certifications and diplomas related to compliance, highlighting diverse training opportunities available.

• Encourages industry-specific training initiatives tailored to address common risks faced by different sectors such as pharmaceuticals.

The Role of Compliance Knowledge for Legal Professionals

• Argues that understanding compliance enhances legal professionals' capabilities without requiring them to specialize entirely in this area.

• Notes that lawyers may encounter compliance-related clauses or issues even if they do not focus solely on this field.

Discussion on Professional Spaces and Ethics in Buenos Aires

Importance of Local Professional Discourse

• The speaker emphasizes the need to reclaim and demand spaces for discussions relevant to their professional practice, particularly within the context of Buenos Aires.

• There is a focus on public ethics and integrity issues specific to the province, which are often overlooked at the national level.

• The speaker expresses willingness to collaborate with colleagues on initiatives that enhance dialogue about important local matters.

• An invitation is extended for participation in academic projects aimed at providing training programs for those outside traditional business education frameworks.

• Gratitude is expressed towards participants, highlighting a sense of community and collaboration among professionals involved in these discussions.