The UNEVEN Application of Revolutionary Ideas [APUSH Review]

Impact of Revolutionary Ideals on Society

Introduction to Revolutionary Ideals

• The ideals that shaped the American Revolution had significant effects not only on American society but also in Europe and the Caribbean.

• Thomas Jefferson's assertion in the Declaration of Independence that "all men are created equal" became a foundational idea, perceived as self-evident by many Americans.

Contradictions in Equality: Slavery

• The revolutionary ideals led to increased awareness of slavery's contradictions, especially among delegates who were slave owners themselves.

• Lord Dunmore's proclamation during the war promised freedom to enslaved individuals who fought for the British, raising fears among southern leaders about potential rebellions.

• Despite Jefferson’s indictment against slavery in the Declaration, Congress rejected it to avoid alienating southern colonies; most new state constitutions allowed slavery to persist post-war.

• Many black Americans interpreted "all men are created equal" as a call for their own equality, leading them to challenge the institution of slavery.

• Efforts from northern groups advocating for abolition emerged but faced significant delays before achieving any success.

Calls for Political Democracy

• The revolution was primarily led by elite white men whose desire for freedom did not anticipate broader societal demands for democracy and equality.

• Debates arose regarding voting rights, with many advocating for the removal of property requirements that restricted suffrage.

Women's Role in the Revolution

• Women played crucial roles during the revolution, managing farms and serving as camp followers while men fought.

The Role of Women in the American Revolution

Abigail Adams and Women's Rights

• Abigail Adams wrote to her husband John Adams, urging him to "Remember the ladies" as he participated in the Second Continental Congress. She expressed a clear expectation for women's inclusion in the new nation's liberty.

• If women were overlooked, Abigail warned of a potential rebellion among women, highlighting their determination for rights.

Republican Motherhood Concept

• Post-revolution, equality did not extend to women, particularly regarding voting rights. However, men recognized women's importance in supporting republican government.

• Benjamin Rush introduced the idea of Republican motherhood, emphasizing that women's primary role was to educate their sons about liberty and governance.

• While this concept limited women's political participation, it did lead to increased access to education for women.

Impact of Revolutionary Ideals Globally

• The American Revolution inspired other global revolutions based on similar principles. Three notable examples include:

• French Revolution: Inspired by American ideals; French soldiers returned home advocating democracy against Louis XVI's absolutism.

• Haitian Revolution: Enslaved Haitians led by Toussaint L'Ouverture revolted against colonial authorities after being inspired by revolutionary ideals from France.