Curso completo de informática basica (computación) INTRODUCCION [video 1]

Introduction to Basic Computing

Overview of the Course

• The course aims to teach basic computing from foundational concepts to advanced topics, catering to all individuals interested in understanding computers.

• It will cover how computers work, their applications in daily activities, and innovative problem-solving methods using technology.

• Key areas include computer structure, historical development, societal impact, future perspectives, and ethical considerations related to computing.

Learning Objectives

• Students will learn essential vocabulary and concepts necessary for deeper study in various computer science fields.

• The course begins with defining "computing," tracing its origins back to primitive counting methods used by early humans.

Historical Development of Computing

Early Counting Systems

• Primitive humans utilized their bodies (fingers and toes) for counting before developing numerical systems based on different civilizations like Mesopotamia and Egypt.

• Various cultures created significant numerical systems that influenced later developments in mathematics and computing.

Mechanical Calculation Mechanisms

• The Industrial Revolution led to mechanical calculation devices; this era saw the creation of the binary system crucial for digital information processing.

Generations of Computers

First Generation (1930s - 1950)

• The first general-purpose computer was built in the 1930s; it had primitive components compared to modern standards.

• Notable machines included ENIAC, UNIVAC, and IBM 650 which revolutionized industries during this period.

Second Generation (Mid 1950 - 1960)

• Transitioned from vacuum tubes to transistors leading to smaller, more efficient computers. High-level programming languages began replacing assembly language.

Third Generation (1960 - 1970)

• Characterized by integrated circuits; notable models included IBM 360. This generation improved processing power significantly through advancements in electronics.

The Rise of Personal Computing

Fourth Generation (1970 Onwards)

• Introduction of microprocessors allowed for faster calculations; personal computers became accessible to the general public.

Innovations in User Interfaces

• Xerox Alto introduced graphical user interfaces and the mouse as a means of interaction with computers.

Major Milestones

• Apple launched its first personal computer (Apple I), combining a microprocessor with keyboard and monitor connectivity.

• The Apple II marked a significant shift towards making computing available for everyday users rather than just specialists or scientists.

This structured overview captures key insights from the transcript while providing timestamps for easy reference.

History of Computing and Generational Changes

Emergence of Iconic Computers

• The Sinclair ZX Spectrum and Apple Macintosh emerged as significant models in the mid-1980s, with the Macintosh becoming an iconic representation of Apple Computer despite its high price compared to other market options.

Advancements in Research and Technology

• Various research programs were initiated during this period focusing on innovations such as parallel processing, artificial intelligence, natural language processing, robotics, expert systems, and computer networks.

Complexity in Classification

• As technology advanced, distinguishing between different generations of computers became increasingly complex due to overlapping features among models. This blending makes it challenging to classify future generations distinctly.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence Today

• Artificial intelligence is becoming more integral to daily life, influencing products and services significantly. Hardware improvements are leading to enhanced performance metrics like increased power, reduced processing time, greater storage capacity, and diverse connectivity options.

Future Perspectives on Computer Generations

• The ongoing integration of technologies suggests that future classifications may not be necessary; instead, the focus will shift towards utilizing emerging technological innovations without strict generational labels.