Axular eta XVII. mendeko literatura
Introduction to Axular and Basque Literature
Who is Axular?
- Elbira introduces herself and the topic, focusing on Axular, the author of the first original prose book in Basque.
- The writer's full name is Pedro Agerre Azpilikueta, but he is known as Axular, named after his birthplace. His work "Gero" is significant in Basque literature.
Historical Context
- Axular was a priest, not a farmer or lawyer. The 16th century context includes the Protestant Reformation and its impact on European society.
- The split of the medieval Church led to wars across Europe; this historical backdrop influences literary themes.
The Role of Religion in Literature
Influence of the Church
- During the Counter-Reformation, the Roman Church emphasized teaching doctrine through regional languages like Basque.
- Various religious texts were produced during this time, including catechisms and sermons—akin to modern advertising saturation.
Literary Output
- Most writings from the 16th and 17th centuries focused on religion due to church influence.
Axular's Life and Work
Background Information
- Born in 1556 in Urdazubi, Navarre; died in 1644 in Sara where he served as a parish priest. He studied in Tarbes (France) and Salamanca (Spain).
Legends Surrounding Axular
- A legend suggests that he learned from the devil himself at a cave school, gaining knowledge at a cost—his shadow.
Significance of "Gero"
Overview of "Gero"
- "Gero," published posthumously in 1643, is recognized as the first major prose work in Basque literature.
- Written in classical Lapurdian dialect, it serves as a model for educated Basque language.
Themes and Structure
- The book aims to change readers' behavior regarding procrastination; its subtitle reflects this dual focus.
Subtopics Identified by Dr. Patxi Salaberri Muñoa:
- Foes
- Slackers and layabouts
- Custom and trusts
- Wrath and anger
- Domain of mouth and belly
Distinctive Style of Axular
Unique Approach Compared to Peers
- Unlike other priests' works aimed at indoctrination, Axular’s writing style is elaborate with rich vocabulary.
Use of Rhetorical Resources
- Quotes from notable authors like St. Augustine enhance his arguments.
- His prose encapsulates the mentality of his era with high-quality writing.
Legacy of Axular
Recognition as a Pioneer
- Linguist Luis Villasante claims that “Axular is the creator of Basque prose,” highlighting his foundational role in literature.
Cultural Impact Comparison