ANATOMIA da ESCÁPULA: Acidentes ósseos e inserções musculares

Anatomy of the Scapula

Introduction to the Topic

• The video introduces the anatomy of the scapula, presented by Professor Natália Reinecke on her channel "Anatomia etc." which covers human anatomy, physiology, and related sciences.

• Viewers are encouraged to subscribe for notifications about new content and access links to social media and exclusive courses on the website.

Overview of Scapula Anatomy

• The scapula is part of the shoulder girdle (cintura escapular), connecting upper limbs to the axial skeleton.

• It consists of two main bones: the scapula and clavicle, which play a crucial role in upper limb attachment.

Structure and Features of the Scapula

• The scapula articulates with two bones: the humerus and clavicle. Its shape resembles an upside-down triangle with distinct surfaces.

• There are two surfaces on the scapula: anterior (facing ribs) and posterior (visible from behind). Identification relies on recognizing the spine of the scapula.

Angles and Margins

• Unlike a typical triangle, it has two angles: inferior angle (bottom point) and superior angle (top point).

• The absence of a third angle is due to various processes in that area; important structures have specific names associated with them.

Margins Description

• The scapula features three margins: medial margin (towards spine), lateral margin (towards humerus), and superior margin (shorter edge at top).

Fossae Identification

• Three fossae exist on its surface: infra-spinous fossa below spine, supra-spinous fossa above spine, and subscapular fossa on anterior side.

• Visual aids help clarify anatomical features like angles, margins, fossae, and notable processes such as coracoid process.

Glenoid Cavity Functionality

• The glenoid cavity is where the scapula articulates with the head of the humerus; this connection is vital for shoulder joint functionality.

Anatomy of the Scapula

Overview of the Scapula

• The scapula's anatomy includes the acromion, which is divided into two parts and is a bony prominence at the shoulder. This area is referred to as the angle of the acromion.

• The glenoid cavity, also known as the glenoidal cavity, serves as an important anatomical feature where it articulates with the head of the humerus. Additional structures include the supraglenoid tubercle, which serves as an insertion point for significant muscles.

Key Anatomical Features

• The inferior part of the glenoid cavity features another important structure called the infraglenoid tubercle. These are critical landmarks in understanding muscle attachments around this region.

• Muscles associated with specific fossae include:

• Subscapularis in the subscapular fossa.

• Infraspinatus in the infraspinous fossa.

• Supraspinatus in the supraspinous fossa.

Muscle Insertions on Scapula

• On the anterior face at the coracoid process, several muscles attach:

• Coracobrachialis,

• Short head of biceps brachii,

• Pectoralis minor.

• The medial margin hosts distal insertions for:

• Serratus anterior,

• Rhomboid major and minor,

• Levator scapulae along its lower edge.

Posterior View Insights

• From a posterior perspective, notable muscle insertions include:

• Deltoid on its inferior aspect,

• Trapezius on its superior aspect near spine of scapula,

• Teres major and minor near glenoid cavity area for further muscle attachment insights.

Summary Characteristics

• The scapula is characterized by having two angles (superior and inferior), three margins (medial, lateral, superior), and three fossae (infraspinous, supraspinous, subscapular). It also has key processes like coracoid process and acromion that are vital for muscle attachment and movement mechanics. Understanding these features helps identify right or left scapulas based on their orientation resembling an upside-down triangle with specific anatomical landmarks facing laterally towards humerus articulation points.