Mapa mental de la bioquímica del ser vivo.

Introduction to Mind Mapping in Biochemistry

Overview of Living Organisms

• The session introduces the creation of a mind map using Mindomo, focusing on biochemistry and the composition of living beings.

• Living organisms are made up of bioelements and biomolecules, which are categorized into primary, secondary, and trace elements.

Classification of Bioelements

• Primary bioelements include carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; secondary elements consist of iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium; while trace elements include copper, cobalt, and iodine found in minimal quantities.

Types of Biomolecules

Inorganic Biomolecules

• Inorganic biomolecules are divided into four main groups: water, gases (CO2 for photosynthesis and O2 for respiration), salts, and electrolytes.

• Water plays crucial roles such as thermoregulation and lubrication; electrolytes like calcium and sodium participate in various bodily functions.

Organic Biomolecules

• Organic biomolecules contain carbon in their structure. They are classified into carbohydrates (glúcidos), lipids (lípidos), proteins (proteínas), and nucleic acids (ácidos nucléicos).

Carbohydrates (Glúcidos)

• Carbohydrates are ternary compounds with three elements: they serve energy functions providing 4 kilocalories per gram.

• They can be classified as monosaccharides (e.g., glucose), disaccharides (e.g., sucrose), or polysaccharides like glycogen stored in the liver.

Lipids

• Lipids also have ternary characteristics with fatty acids as their basic unit. They provide 9.5 kilocalories per gram.

• Functions include energy storage through triglycerides, structural roles via phospholipids in cell membranes, hormonal functions from cholesterol, protective roles from cutin on fruits/plants.

Proteins

• Proteins are quaternary compounds composed of four elements. Their basic unit is amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

• They perform multiple functions including energy provision, structural support (keratin in hair), transport (hemoglobin for oxygen), immune protection (immunoglobulins), muscle contraction (actin/myosin), and catalysis through enzymes.

Nucleic Acids

• Nucleic acids are quininary compounds containing five elements. Their basic unit is nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds.

• They store genetic information and transmit it through DNA and RNA structures.