🥇 Anatomía de la ESCÁPULA (Omóplato). ¡Fácil, Rápida y Sencilla!
Anatomy of the Scapula
Introduction to the Video
- The video is presented by Juan José Sánchez, focusing on the anatomy of the scapula, also known as the shoulder blade.
- The previous version of this video was age-restricted due to anatomical images deemed inappropriate by YouTube, prompting a re-release with modifications.
Overview of Upper Limb Anatomy
- The upper limb is divided into portions: shoulder girdle (proximal), arm (shoulder to elbow), forearm (elbow to wrist), and hand (wrist to fingertips).
- Emphasis is placed on the shoulder girdle's importance as it connects the upper limb with the torso, marking the beginning of the appendicular skeleton.
Structure of the Shoulder Girdle
- The shoulder girdle consists of two bones: anteriorly, the clavicle; posteriorly, the scapula.
- In an anatomical position, the scapula rests against ribs 2 through 7 and has a flattened triangular shape.
Articulations and Joints
- The scapula articulates with two bones:
- Head of humerus at glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint).
- Acromion part of scapula with external third of clavicle at acromioclavicular joint.
- Some literature mentions a "thoracic-scapular joint," referring to contact between anterior face of scapula and rib cage but clarifies it's not a true joint.
Anatomical Features of Scapula
- Two main faces are described: anterior face and posterior face, separated by edges.
- Three edges identified:
- Upper edge,
- Medial edge (also called spinal edge),
- Lateral edge (also called axillary edge).
Angles and Notable Structures
- Angles formed where edges meet:
- Upper angle at junction of upper and medial edges,
- Lower angle at junction of medial and lateral edges,
- External angle marked by union of upper and lateral edges.
- A thickening referred to as "head" occurs in this external angle area.
Conclusion & Call to Action
- Viewers are encouraged to subscribe for more anatomical videos; this is video number 36 out of over 300 available on his channel.
Understanding the Scapula Anatomy
Anterior Face of the Scapula
- The anterior face is described as a concave surface, making it easier to study from the front view. However, its concavity becomes more apparent when viewed from the side.
- This area contains a significant region known as the subscapular fossa, where the subscapular muscle is inserted.
Posterior Face of the Scapula
- The posterior face presents more complexity due to structures like the spine of the scapula, which runs obliquely and separates two large areas: supraspinatus fossa above and infraspinatus fossa below.
- The spine has two distinct parts referred to as lips: an upper lip (upper jaw) and a lower lip (lower jaw). It remains attached but can appear to float at times.
Acromion and Spinoglenoid Notch
- When the spine begins to separate from the scapula, it forms what is known as the acromion, which articulates with the external third of the clavicle. This structure creates a bridge-like formation over a space called spinoglenoid notch that connects both fossae.
- The spinoglenoid notch allows for communication between supraspinous and infraspinatus fossae through this tunnel-like space created by acromion's separation from scapula.
Coracoid Process and Glenohumeral Joint
- Atop the upper edge of scapula lies a coracoid notch adjacent to a hook-shaped coracoid process; both are critical for muscle attachment points. The neck of scapula narrows outwards leading into its head, which articulates with humerus at glenohumeral joint within glenoid cavity.
- Two important tubercles are identified near this area: supraglenoid tubercle above glenoid cavity and infraglenoid tubercle below it; these serve as origins for biceps and triceps brachii muscles respectively.
Summary of Key Structures
- A lateral view distinguishes anterior concavity (subscapular fossa) from posterior features including acromion and spinoglenoid notch connecting both fossae while highlighting overall anatomy relevant for understanding shoulder mechanics.