Webinar Brasil - Atividade Pré-Congresso Luso Brasileiro de Práticas Clínicas

Congresso Luso-Brasileiro de Psicologia Existencial

Introdução ao Congresso

• O congresso é uma colaboração entre o IFEN e o SPPE, realizado a cada dois anos, alternando entre Portugal e Brasil.

• O foco do congresso é discutir a psicologia existencial, abordando tanto as semelhanças quanto as divergências entre as práticas luso-brasileiras.

Objetivos do Congresso

• O objetivo principal é trabalhar em torno das diferenças e semelhanças nas abordagens da psicologia existencial.

• A ideia é promover um exercício de acolhimento ao diferente, essencial para o desenvolvimento profissional no Brasil e em Portugal.

Apresentação dos Convidados

• Renata, psicóloga do Hospital Pedro Ernesto, foi convidada para compartilhar suas reflexões sobre a psicologia baseada em evidências.

• Renata expressa sua gratidão pelo convite e menciona sua formação com Ana Feijó.

Reflexões sobre Evidência na Clínica Psicológica Existencial

Título da Apresentação

• Renata apresenta seu trabalho intitulado "Apontamentos sobre a evidência em uma clínica psicológica existencial inspirada em Kierkegaard".

Temas Abordados

• A apresentação busca provocar reflexões sobre a discussão atual acerca das evidências nas ciências psicológicas.

• A relação entre angústia e lógica ética na obra de Kierkegaard será explorada como base para entender a prática clínica.

Angústia e Psicologia Existencial

Conceito de Angústia

• Kierkegaard define angústia como resistência intrépida que permite à psicologia explorar possibilidades existenciais.

• A angústia é vista como abertura para novas possibilidades dentro da experiência humana.

Crítica à Psicologia Baseada em Evidências

• A crítica se concentra na reificação das vertentes biomédicas que dominam as práticas psicológicas contemporâneas.

• Discute-se como a busca por dados empíricos pode desumanizar o tratamento psicológico.

História da Psicologia Baseada em Evidências

Origem do Movimento

• O movimento de práticas baseadas em evidências surgiu inicialmente no Canadá nos anos 1980, focado na medicina.

• Fatores como proteção aos direitos dos consumidores influenciaram essa expansão nas áreas de saúde mental.

Impacto na Prática Psicológica

• Mudanças no sistema de saúde dos EUA exigiram dados concretos sobre tratamentos oferecidos, impactando diretamente a psicologia.

Definições de Evidência

Compreensão da Evidência Científica

• A evidência científica é definida como resultados obtidos através de metodologias rigorosas que buscam comprovar hipóteses.

Diferença com Evidência Existencial

• A psicologia inspirada por Kierkegaard propõe uma visão mais sensível da existência, contrastando com definições tradicionais de evidência.

Críticas à Lógica Diagnóstica

Limitações dos Manuais Diagnósticos

• Os manuais diagnósticos modernos tendem a categorizar experiências humanas complexas em rótulos simplistas.

Consequências dessa Abordagem

• Essa categorização pode levar à marginalização das experiências individuais que não se encaixam nos critérios estabelecidos.

Ética e Dogmática na Psicologia

Interseção entre Ética e Práticas Psicológicas

• Discussão sobre como normas éticas podem influenciar percepções do que é considerado normal ou patológico.

Implicações para os Profissionais

• Profissionais podem cair na armadilha de impor categorias diagnósticas rígidas às experiências humanas diversas.

Angústia como Experiência Fundamental

Visão Existencialista da Angústia

• Para Kierkegaard, a angústia não deve ser vista apenas como um sintoma; ela representa uma parte essencial da liberdade humana.

Importância do Reconhecimento da Angústia

• Reconhecer a angústia permite uma compreensão mais profunda das experiências humanas além das limitações diagnósticas convencionais.

The Nature of Sympathy and Expertise in Clinical Psychology

Understanding True Sympathy

• The author critiques the notion of sympathy, suggesting it is only genuine when one acknowledges that what affects one can affect all.

• A satirical view is presented on a psychiatrist who believes his rationality is infallible, implying that such delusion hinders effective treatment.

The Margins of Clinical Practice

• Rences argues that clinical practice cannot occur for those who avoid confronting difficult realities; true experimentation requires engagement with these 'margins.'

• Kirk's perspective emphasizes the experimental nature of psychology, highlighting its philosophical roots rather than strict scientific methodology.

Experimental Psychology Explained

• The term "experimental psychology" does not denote a formal discipline but reflects an inquiry into the soul and its manifestations.

• Campos notes that Kirk draws from Greek origins, where 'psyche' signifies life, indicating a quest for understanding through experience rather than rigid protocols.

Experience Over Protocol in Existential Psychology

Individualized Approach to Treatment

• Kirk advocates for a personalized approach to therapy, emphasizing direct engagement with each individual's unique experiences rather than adhering to standardized methods.

• This existential approach prioritizes sensitivity to existence over empirical evidence or technical guidelines in psychological practice.

Authority of Experience

• Ralf Niens challenges traditional authority in psychology by asserting that personal experience holds more weight than literary references or empirical validation.

• He suggests that embracing uncertainty and doubt allows for deeper exploration beyond conventional scientific boundaries.

The Intersection of Literature and Existential Psychology

Poetic Sensibility in Therapy

• Campos illustrates how existential psychology aligns closely with literature and art, as both emerge from lived experiences and seek to capture the essence of existence sensitively.

• Citing various authors like Alberto Caeiro and Mia Couto, he emphasizes the importance of recognizing marginal perspectives in understanding human experience.

Embracing Multiplicity

• The discussion highlights how existential psychology embraces life's complexities and multiplicities instead of seeking singular solutions or closures within therapeutic contexts.

Methodological Debates in Psychological Practice

Heidegger's Influence on Clinical Thought

• Heidegger’s seminars challenge traditional dichotomies between subject and object prevalent among psychiatrists during his time, advocating for a broader understanding beyond mere empirical analysis.

• His discussions reveal tensions between evidence-based practices versus experiential knowledge within clinical settings during significant historical debates about medical methodologies.

Evidence-Based Practices vs Philosophical Foundations

• A divide emerges between proponents of evidence-based practices advocating rigorous empirical support versus those valuing philosophical underpinnings guiding clinical interventions based on professional experience.

Evolution of Evidence-Based Psychology

APA Guidelines Development

• In 1993, the APA established criteria defining empirically valid treatments as essential components for psychological practice recognition within healthcare systems like insurance plans.

Training Requirements

• Future therapists must undergo extensive training focused on empirically validated treatments while also being informed about their effectiveness to ensure quality care delivery across diverse populations.

Heidegger's Conceptualization of Evidence

Redefining Evident Knowledge

• Heidegger posits that true evidence transcends quantifiable metrics; it should illuminate understanding without relying solely on methodological constraints typical in scientific approaches.

Attention Over Methodology

• He emphasizes cultivating attention among practitioners as crucial for accessing deeper insights into patient experiences rather than strictly adhering to prescribed methods.

The Quest for the Missing Letter

Introduction to the Dilemma

• A character expresses urgency in finding a letter, revealing that the queen has offered R$800,000 for its recovery.

• There is suspicion surrounding a minister who may have hidden the letter, described as both a poet and an imbecile due to his Cartesian thinking that dismisses art and literature.

The Role of Logic and Poetry

• The character Tupan suggests that the minister's mathematical knowledge was overlooked; he emphasizes the importance of combining logical reasoning with poetic insight.

• Tupan argues that integrating poetic thought with logical analysis increases chances of uncovering the truth about the missing letter.

Investigation Developments

• As Tupan investigates further, he notes how the minister’s nonchalant attitude towards their search indicates a deeper control over the situation.

• Tupan successfully retrieves the stolen letter by employing distraction tactics while observing details in the minister's office.

Conclusion on Perception and Understanding

• The narrative concludes with a moral: relying solely on logic can blind one to evident truths; blending poetry with logic reveals deeper insights into reality.

Challenges in Psychological Practice

Balancing Evidence-Based Practices

• Discussion arises regarding difficulties in letting go of rigid scientific frameworks within psychological practice, particularly when addressing individual experiences.

• A reference is made to critiques against medicalization in psychology, emphasizing how it can overshadow personal narratives and unique experiences.

Exploring Truth in Psychology

• A question is posed about different concepts of truth—truth as correspondence versus truth as unveiling meaning beyond mere logic.

• Heidegger's philosophy is introduced, highlighting concerns over losing sight of subjective experience amidst growing emphasis on empirical evidence.

Integrating Different Modes of Knowledge

Importance of Diverse Perspectives

• Emphasis is placed on not forgetting original ways humans articulate meaning amidst technical dominance in modern society.

• An inquiry into where certain examples or citations originated from leads to discussions about influences from past seminars and philosophical texts.

Navigating Institutional Constraints

• A comment highlights challenges faced by psychologists working within public institutions where diagnostic protocols often dictate treatment approaches.

Identity and Diagnosis in Therapy

Critique of Diagnostic Labels

• Concerns are raised about diagnoses becoming identities rather than tools for understanding individual suffering.

Therapeutic Relationships

• The need for therapists to maintain an existential investigation approach rather than merely fitting clients into predefined categories is emphasized.

Bridging Logic and Sensitivity

Navigating Between Two Realms

• Discussion revolves around balancing logical reasoning with sensitivity towards clients' lived experiences during therapy sessions.

Practical Applications

• Suggestions are made for therapists to learn from literary techniques while applying clinical knowledge effectively without losing sight of human experience.

Concluding Thoughts on Practice

Reflection on Professional Identity

• Participants reflect on their professional journeys, acknowledging tensions between evidence-based practices and more holistic approaches.

Future Directions

• Conversations hint at ongoing dialogues needed within psychology regarding diverse methodologies while maintaining respect for individual narratives.

The Role of Technical Thinking in Human Experience

Understanding Heidegger's Perspective

• Heidegger emphasizes the importance of meditative thinking, warning against the seductive nature of technical thought which promises to solve human problems but can lead to forgetting deeper existential questions.

• He argues that neglecting our finitude results in a lack of understanding and measurement, cautioning against creating new ideals or dogmas that may arise from uncritical acceptance of technical solutions.

Implications for Psychology and Future Events

• The discussion highlights the relevance of psychology in contemporary discourse, with references to ongoing events and publications by Edições Zen that explore these themes further.

• Acknowledgment is given to contributors like Renata, whose work on interpretations within psychology is noted as valuable for future discussions.

Upcoming Conferences and Engagement Opportunities

• An announcement about an upcoming congress in Portugal encourages participants to prepare their reflections and submissions by April 30th, fostering community engagement.

• Plans for a future Latin American congress in Búzios, Brazil are shared, emphasizing its appeal due to beautiful beaches and vibrant nightlife.

Themes for Continued Discussion

• The conversation touches on evidence-based psychology as a significant theme that raises questions about the validity of various psychological practices. This reflects broader concerns regarding empirical versus phenomenological evidence in psychological research.

Closing Remarks and Community Building

• The session concludes with an invitation to join a film discussion later, reinforcing community ties among participants while expressing gratitude towards attendees for their contributions.

• Final thanks are extended to organizers and participants alike, highlighting the collaborative spirit fostered throughout the event.