AROUND THE AP WORLD DAY 60: SETTING THE BOARD...

Transoceanic Interconnections: Causes and Events

Overview of Maritime Empires

• The discussion begins with an overview of the transoceanic interconnections, focusing on who is involved and their motivations.

• A complex map illustrates both land-based empires from Unit 3 and maritime empires from Unit 4, setting the stage for understanding these connections.

Portuguese Exploration

• Portugal is highlighted as a pioneering force in maritime exploration, with notable navigators like Prince Henry, Diaz, and de Gama leading expeditions to establish trade routes into the Indian Ocean.

• The term "trading post empire" is introduced to describe how European powers established trading posts rather than large territorial claims along African and Asian coasts.

Spanish Expansion

• Spain's expansion is marked by Columbus's voyage to the New World; following the Treaty of Tordesillas, all territories west of Brazil became Spanish.

• Magellan’s route to the Philippines signifies Spain's interest in East Asian trade, which they would control until 1896.

British Ventures

• Early British ventures are noted through John Cabot’s explorations along the U.S. east coast; however, their significant focus shifts towards dominating India later on.

• The establishment of a trading post empire in India becomes crucial for Britain, which will eventually be seen as their most valuable colony.

Dutch Dominance

• The Dutch emerge as a key player due to their highly profitable trading company (VOC), which allows them to dominate trade routes in the Indian Ocean despite entering late.

• Their acquisition of Indonesia and access to Japan marks significant achievements during this period.

French Influence

• France is described as having minimal impact outside Europe during this time; they briefly hold Canada and some Indian Ocean trading posts but are overshadowed by other empires.