LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL ESTADO LIBERAL (1833-1868) | Historia de España 🇪🇸

Spanish History in the 19th Century

The 19th century in Spain was a tumultuous period marked by conflicting ideologies and political struggles, including the emergence of liberalism and conservative resistance.

The Two Paths in 19th Century Spain

• Liberalism emerged as a political movement influenced by French Enlightenment ideals.

• Fernando VII, a controversial figure, opposed liberals during his reign, leading to conflicts and executions.

• The reign of Fernando VII saw the birth of liberal movements and revolutions advocating for a liberal state.

Impact of Fernando VII's Death

• Fernando VII's death sparked a succession crisis, resulting in the Carlist Wars over the Spanish throne.

• Maria Christina's regency faced challenges from both liberals and absolutists, leading to political tensions.

Political Reforms and Conflicts

• Maria Christina's government implemented reforms under conservative leadership, reshaping provincial divisions and governance structures.

• The Real Statute of Martinez de la Rosa introduced bicameralism with limited suffrage rights, consolidating royal power.

The Carlist Wars and Political Struggles

The Carlist Wars were pivotal conflicts that shaped Spanish politics in the early 19th century, highlighting ideological divides and military confrontations.

Motín de la Granja and Liberal Demands

• The Motín de la Granja uprising demanded adherence to the Constitution of Cadiz (1812), reflecting popular support for liberal principles.

• Maria Christina yielded to progressive pressures led by Calatrava, culminating in the creation of the 1837 Constitution emphasizing limited suffrage rights.

Escalation of Carlist Rebellion

• Carlists rebelled post-Fernando VII's death in 1833, initiating uprisings led by Zumalakarregi and others with initial victories against liberal forces.

Detailed Historical Overview

The transcript delves into historical events, focusing on the division among Carlists, conflicts in Spain during the 19th century, and key political figures like Espartero and Isabel II.

Carlist Conflict and Political Figures

• Carlists split into two main groups: transaccionistas accepting Vergara agreement for peace and apostólicos staunchly defending absolutism.

• Conflict persisted until 1840 when General Cabrera's defeat marked a temporary end to Carlist uprisings.

• Espartero's victory led to increased political power in Spain but faced opposition due to controversial actions during his regency.

• Isabel II's reign was marked by instability with over 50 different governments in 25 years.

• Narváez, a prominent leader of the Moderates, initiated significant legislative changes including the Constitution of 1845.

Political Turmoil and Reforms

This part discusses political developments such as the exclusion of Progressives from governance, marriage of Queen Isabel II, and key laws enacted during this period.

Exclusion of Progressives and Legislative Changes

• Moderates marginalized Progressives in government affairs leading to discontent.

• Constitution of 1845 reversed progressive reforms by limiting national sovereignty and enhancing royal powers.

• Growing discontent with Moderate rule due to economic challenges and corruption scandals.

The Vikalvarrada Uprising and Reform Era

The Vikalvarrada uprising, demands presented to Queen Isabel II, subsequent governance under Espartero & O'Donnell, economic legislation passed during their tenure.

Vikalvarrada Uprising and Economic Legislation

• Vikalvarrada uprising demanded transparent governance, electoral improvements, tax reductions, administrative decentralization.

• Queen Isabel II shared power between Espartero & O'Donnell initiating a progressive era with economic reforms like railway laws and land redistribution.

Constitution of 1845 and Political Events in Spain

The period following the Constitution of 1845 in Spain saw a political alternation between Narváez and the Liberal Union of O'Donnell. Significant events included economic prosperity, international activity, pragmatic policies, and challenges leading to the Glorious Revolution in 1868.

Government Period (1858-1863)

• The era between 1858 and 1863 marked by economic prosperity, international engagement, and pragmatic politics.

• Challenges faced including the Night of Saint Daniel protest in 1865 and Prim's attempt at revolution in Shangil in 1866.

Ongoing Political Turmoil

• Opposition parties meeting at Ostend to sign an agreement aiming to overthrow Queen Isabel II, leading to her dethronement in 1868.

• Culmination with the Glorious Revolution on September 18, 1868, initiated by Admiral Topete and Generals Prim and Serrano through a pronouncement in Cádiz.

Aftermath and Future Implications

• The revolution resulted in Queen Isabel II's defeat at the Battle of Alcolea, forcing her abdication and exile from Spain.

• Previewing upcoming developments post-revolution towards democracy as discussed further in subsequent videos.

Conclusion

Wrapping up the video discussing key historical events leading to significant political changes in Spain during this period.

Closing Remarks

• Encouragement for viewer feedback on content while hinting at future historical explorations.