Emotion: Schachter & Singer's Two Factor Theory

Psychology in the Fast Lane: Understanding Emotions

The Two-Factor Theory of Emotion

• The discussion begins with an introduction to emotions, highlighting that they encompass cognition, feeling, behavior, and arousal.

• The Two-Factor Theory proposed by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer in 1962 suggests that emotional responses involve two key processes: physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal.

Emotional Response to Situations

• An example is provided involving witnessing a car crash, illustrating how such events can trigger strong emotional reactions.

• Physiological responses like increased heart rate and breathing are linked to our sympathetic nervous system's reaction during emotionally charged situations.

Appraisal Process in Emotion

• The concept of appraisal is introduced as the cognitive evaluation of an event's potential impact on oneself. Primary appraisal assesses whether a situation poses a threat.

• If deemed threatening, individuals may experience physiological stress (e.g., stomach discomfort) alongside emotional reactions such as anxiety or fear.

Coping Mechanisms and Reappraisal

• During secondary appraisal, individuals determine coping strategies for the perceived threat. Initial worries about the victim's life can lead to heightened anxiety.