🥇 HUESOS DEL PIE. (Tarso, Metatarso y Falanges). Fácil, Rápido y Sencillo

Anatomy of the Bones of the Foot

In this section, the speaker introduces the topic of foot bone anatomy, emphasizing the importance of understanding leg bones like the tibia and fibula to comprehend foot bones better.

Introduction to Lower Limb Anatomy

• Understanding leg bones such as the tibia and fibula is crucial for comprehending foot bone anatomy.

• The lower limb is divided into four main regions: pelvic girdle, thigh region (femur), leg region (tibia and fibula), and finally, the foot region.

• The foot consists of three groups of bones: tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges.

Exploration of Tarsal Bones

• Distinction between carpal (hand) and tarsal (foot) bones; focusing on tarsal bones in this context.

• Discussion on seven tarsal bones: astragalus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid (lateral cuneiform), intermediate cuneiform, medial cuneiform, and talus.

Detailed Analysis of Astragalus Bone

• Astragalus and calcaneus are highlighted as complex foot bones with intricate anatomical structures.

• Description of astragalus components: body, neck, and head; articulation with tibia forming a trochlea joint.

Articulation Features of Astragalus Bone

This section delves into the specific articulation features of the astragalus bone within the foot structure.

Articulation Details

• Astragalus articulates with both tibia and fibula in a trochlea joint configuration.

• Three facets on astragalus for articulation: superior facet with tibia, middle facet for internal malleolus (medial side), lateral facet for external malleolus (lateral side).

Further Articulation Insights

• Explanation on how these facets contribute to ankle joint formation known as "trochlea" or ankle joint.

• Description of triangular lateral malleolar facet orientation towards apophysis lateral externa; comparison between medial malleolar facet shape resembling a comma.

Distinctive Features in Astragalus Bone Articulation

This part focuses on unique characteristics observed in the articulation features within the astragalus bone structure.

Unique Characteristics

Depression and Astragalus-Calcaneus Anatomy

In this section, the speaker discusses the anatomy of the depression and the astragalus-calcaneus region.

Depression Anatomy

• The depression is located in the hollow known as the tarsal sinus on the lateral side of the leg.

• The posterior part of the astragalus features two tubercles: a lateral (external) and a medial (internal) one. These tubercles enclose a groove for the passage of the flexor hallucis longus tendon.

Astragalus-Calcaneus Anatomy

• The astragalus articulates with the calcaneus through three articular facets: anterior, middle, and posterior.

• The neck of the astragalus connects to its head, which articulates with the navicular (also known as scaphoid bone) anteriorly.

Calcaneum Structure and Articulations

This section delves into the structure of calcaneum and its key anatomical features.

Calcaneum Structure

• The calcaneum has no muscular insertions, making it unique among lower limb bones.

• Towards its medial aspect, there is a projection called sustentaculum tali that articulates with the middle facet of astragalus.

Articulations of Calcaneum

• The superior articular facet on calcaneum connects with the middle facet on astragalus for articulation.

• Posteriorly, there is an articular facet on calcaneum that corresponds to the posterior facet on astragalus for joint connection.

Anatomy of the Calcaneus Bone

In this section, the anatomy of the calcaneus bone is discussed, focusing on its various surfaces and articulations with neighboring bones.

Anterior Surface and Articulations

• The anterior part of the calcaneus bone features a large articular surface that connects to the bone in front, known as the cuboid bone.

• This articulation is distinct from the one with the astragalus bone.

• The anterior facet of the calcaneus bone articulates with the navicular bone.

Posterior Surface and Tuberosities

• The inferior view reveals two prominent tuberosities on the calcaneus: a medial tuberosity and a lateral tuberosity.

• A triangular space is present on the anterior aspect, housing a significant elevation called the anterior tubercle of the calcaneus.

• A groove on the inferior surface continues posteriorly, aligning with a groove on the talus for tendon passage.

Medial Aspect and Articular Surfaces

• The medial aspect shows articulating surfaces for connections with neighboring bones like sustentaculum tali and three articular facets for interactions with parts of astragalus.

• Notably, there is a lateral process known as peroneal process or trochlea of fibula.

Continuation - Anatomy of Tarsal Bones

This section delves into additional structures related to tarsal bones beyond just focusing on calcaneus anatomy.

Transverse Tarsal Sinus and Convexity

• A transverse tarsal sinus exists between astragalus neck and calcaneum, transitioning into tarsal canal medially.

• Tarsal bones exhibit concavity upwards but appear as hollow when viewed from below due to their convexity forming an arch structure termed 'plantar arch.'

Other Tarsal Bones Overview

• Moving beyond astragalus and calcaneum, other tarsal bones are introduced: navicular (scaphoid), cuboid (cuboides), cuneiforms (three in total).

Detailed Anatomy of the Foot Bones

In this section, the speaker discusses the detailed anatomy of the foot bones, focusing on metatarsal bones and phalanges.

Metatarsal Bones

• The lateral aspect of the foot needs to extend more anteriorly to reach the first and third metatarsal bones.

• There are five metatarsal bones in total, similar to the upper limb, counted from medial to lateral.

• Metatarsals are long bones with a base (epiphysis proximal), shaft (body), and head (epiphysis distal).

• The fifth metatarsal bone has a significant feature known as the styloid process at its lateral side.

Phalanges

• Phalanges are also long bones in the foot. There are five proximal phalanges, four middle phalanges (excluding the thumb), and five distal phalanges.

• A prominent elevation called tuberosity is present at the vertex or head of each distal phalanx.

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