Qué es la IP pública. Curso de redes desde 0 | Cap 1 |

Introduction to Networking Concepts

Overview of the Course

• The speaker introduces themselves as @macjosan on Twitter and mentions this is the first instructional video in a networking course, following an introductory presentation.

• The course will include technical terms and acronyms; however, understanding concepts is prioritized over memorizing terminology.

Understanding the Internet

• The internet is described as a "network of networks," emphasizing its structure as an interconnected system rather than a single entity.

• Different internet service providers (ISPs), such as Movistar and Verizon, have their own networks that connect users to the broader internet.

Interconnected Networks

• Major companies like Google and Facebook operate extensive networks globally, which are also part of the larger internet framework.

• Various networks (ISPs, corporations, universities) are interconnected, allowing communication across different platforms.

Understanding IP Addresses

What is an IP Address?

• The focus shifts to explaining what an IP address is, particularly public IP addresses.

• An analogy between network data transfer and postal services is introduced to clarify how information travels across networks.

TCP/IP Protocol

• The TCP/IP protocol suite consists of two main protocols: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol).

• Data sent over the internet is divided into smaller packets for efficient transmission—similar to sending multiple packages through a postal service.

Public vs. Private IP Addresses

Unique Identification on the Internet

• A public IP address serves as a unique identifier for devices connected to the internet; no two devices share the same public IP address.

Understanding IP Addresses and Their Allocation

What is an IP Address?

• An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique identifier assigned to devices connected to the internet, allowing them to communicate with each other.

• The format of a public IP address consists of four numbers separated by periods, ranging from 0 to 255 (e.g., 127.212.14.86).

• There are approximately 4 billion possible public IP addresses, derived from the calculation 2^32, which accounts for the range of numbers.

Assignment of IP Addresses

• Initially, when the internet was created, organizations like universities would request ranges of IP addresses from an international organization responsible for allocation.

• Over time, control over these allocations was divided among five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), which manage IP distribution across different regions.

• In Europe, RIPE is the RIR that provides ranges of IP addresses to internet service providers (ISPs), such as Movistar.

Challenges with Public IP Addresses

• Although there are 4 billion public IP addresses available, the rapid growth in connected devices has led to a shortage; many more devices are now online than there are available unique addresses.

• ISPs often allocate fewer public IP addresses than their total number of subscribers by reusing them—assuming not all users will be online simultaneously.

Dynamic Allocation and Reuse

• When a subscriber connects to the internet, they are assigned a public IP address temporarily; once they disconnect, that address can be reassigned to another user.

• This dynamic allocation allows ISPs to manage limited resources effectively without requiring every user to have a permanent unique address.

Understanding WAN and Data Transmission

• A Wide Area Network (WAN) refers to networks that span large geographical areas; your public IP serves as your identifier within this network structure.

Understanding Public and Private IP Addresses

The Role of Public IP Addresses

• Google utilizes public IP addresses to send information back to users. When a user queries Google, it creates a packet with the user's public IP as the destination.

• This process is similar for sending emails or connecting to other computers; knowing the public IP allows packets to be sent correctly.

Local Area Network (LAN) Explained

• In homes with multiple devices (smartphones, computers, TVs), all devices share the same public IP address when accessing the internet.

• Within a home network, each device has a unique private IP address, typically starting with 192.168.x.x, distinguishing them from one another.

Distinguishing Between Public and Private IP Addresses

• A public IP is unique globally and identifies your home or computer on the internet. It can change over time but remains distinct while assigned.

• Fixed public IP addresses are available through providers for an additional fee but are more common in business settings than residential use.

Upcoming Topics