Práctica No. 1 Diferencias entre compuestos orgánicos e inorgánicos

Introduction to Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Purpose of the Experiment

• The goal is for students to differentiate between organic and inorganic compounds based on conductivity, melting point, and solubility.

Classification of Compounds

• Chemical compounds are historically classified as organic or inorganic:

• Inorganic compounds are good electrical conductors, have high melting points, and are soluble in polar solvents like water. Their predominant bond type is ionic.

• Organic compounds are poor electrical conductors, have low melting points, and are soluble in non-polar solvents like acetone. Their predominant bond type is covalent.

Materials Used in the Experiment

Equipment List

• Conductivity meter

• Beakers

• Wash bottle

• Bunsen burner

• Tripod stand with wire gauze containing asbestos

• Porcelain capsule

• Test tube rack

• Analytical balance

• Spatula

• Bulb pipette

Chemicals Used

• Sodium chloride solution (NaCl)

• Oleic acid

• Sugar

• Salt

• Acetone

• Water

• Sodium bicarbonate

Conductivity Testing

Initial Observations

• The experiment begins by testing the electrical conductivity of sodium chloride solution, which shows it conducts electricity well.

Further Tests

• After rinsing electrodes, oleic acid is tested next; it does not conduct electricity.

Melting Point Analysis

Sugar Melting Point Test

• Sugar melts after 1 minute and 56 seconds during the test.

Sodium Chloride Melting Point Test

• Sodium chloride takes significantly longer than sugar to melt; after nearly 5 minutes, it has not melted yet (melting point is approximately 801 degrees Celsius). The test is stopped due to time constraints.

Solubility Testing

Solubility in Acetone

• Tubes with sodium chloride (tube 1) and sodium bicarbonate (tube 3) do not dissolve in acetone.

• Tube with oleic acid (tube 5) shows that oleic acid is soluble in acetone.

Solubility in Water

• When water is added to tubes containing sodium chloride (tube 2), sodium bicarbonate (tube 4), and oleic acid (tube 6):

• Sodium chloride dissolves well.

• Sodium bicarbonate also dissolves.

• Oleic acid does not dissolve in water.

Conclusion of Experimental Procedures

Final Remarks

• The experimental part concludes with a reminder about proper waste disposal for chemical residues.

• Students can use their observations from each test to complete their results table and questionnaire related to the experiment's findings. Thank you for your attention!