If superpowers were real: Body mass - Joy Lin
Superhero Physics: The Science of Size and Mass
The Conservation of Mass in Superheroes
- The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed, raising questions about how superheroes can change size without altering their mass.
- An example is given with baking a sponge cake, where the weight remains consistent despite an increase in volume due to evaporation during cooking.
Implications of Size Change
- When a superhero grows from 6 ft to 18 ft, according to Galileo's Square Cube Law, their weight would increase by a factor of 27 (3^3), leading to two scenarios regarding their weight.
- If the hero maintains a weight of 200 lb at all sizes, they would effectively become less dense; if they weigh 5,400 lb when enlarged, it raises concerns about mobility and structural integrity.
Density and Structural Challenges
- Density is defined as mass divided by volume. A superhero weighing only 200 lb while expanding would have unrealistic physical properties akin to a "giant fluffy teddy bear."
- Conversely, if weighing 5,400 lb at full size poses risks for bone structure and movement due to the inability of bones to bend without breaking.
Energy Requirements for Movement
- To support a body weighing 5,400 lb, the heart must pump significantly more blood for oxygenation. This requires immense energy intake—approximately 81,000 calories daily—equivalent to consuming around 150 Big Macs.
Elemental Transformation Concerns
- Discusses superheroes who can transform into materials like rock or sand. Each element's identity is based on its proton count; thus transforming into sand raises questions about sourcing silicon.
- Nuclear fusion could theoretically alter elements but requires extreme conditions found only in stars. Attempting this on Earth could lead to catastrophic consequences for both the hero and those nearby.
Conclusion: Exploring Other Superpowers
- The discussion concludes with an invitation to explore other superpowers such as super speed, flight, super strength, immortality, and invisibility while considering their scientific implications.