📚 DIRETTIVA NIS2: cos'è e cosa cambia per enti e aziende

What is NIS 2 and Why It Matters?

Introduction to NIS 2

• The speaker introduces the topic of NIS 2, emphasizing its significance and widespread discussion, yet noting a lack of understanding about its implications.

• NIS 2 has already come into effect as of October, with the preparatory phase concluded. Registration deadlines for compliance are critical for affected entities.

Importance of Understanding NIS 2

• Ignorance about NIS 2 can lead to severe consequences for businesses involved in public administration or managing digital infrastructure.

• The video aims to clarify what NIS 2 entails, who must comply, necessary actions taken so far, potential penalties for non-compliance, and steps moving forward.

Key Features of NIS 2

Definition and Purpose

• NIS stands for Network and Information Security; it is a European directive that mandates member states to implement stricter cybersecurity regulations.

• The directive aims to enhance security across the EU by reducing risks associated with cyberattacks affecting essential services like healthcare, finance, and transportation.

Evolution from NIS 1 to NIS 2

• Unlike its predecessor (NIS 1), which had limited scope and enforcement mechanisms, NIS 2 imposes more rigorous requirements on a broader range of organizations.

• Italy's implementation process culminated in Legislative Decree No. 138/2024 effective from October 16th.

Categories Under NIS 2

Essential vs. Important Entities

• Two categories defined: Essential Entities include public administrations and companies in critical sectors (energy, transport).

• Important Entities cover less critical but significant sectors such as food production and IT services; private companies exceeding certain employee or revenue thresholds also fall under this category.

Compliance Requirements

Registration Obligations

• By February 28th, 2025, all obligated entities must register with the National Cybersecurity Agency (CN), declaring their compliance status.

Security Measures Required

• Organizations must demonstrate existing cybersecurity measures beyond mere registration; this includes risk assessments and vulnerability identification.

Consequences of Non-compliance

Potential Penalties

• As April approaches post-deadline compliance checks are underway; non-compliant entities may face sanctions if they have not adhered to requirements.

Key Obligations Under NIS 2

• Companies must conduct thorough risk evaluations tailored to their operations rather than superficial assessments.

• They are required to implement adequate technical measures such as firewalls and regular updates as part of their cybersecurity strategy.

Key Steps for Cybersecurity Compliance

Essential Security Measures

• Implement secure backups, vulnerability management, monitoring, and establish clear internal policies. This includes defining roles, maintaining documentation, and providing staff training.

• Develop a business continuity plan to address potential attacks and system failures. Clearly outline response strategies and responsibilities to minimize damage.

Vendor Management

• Ensure proper management of suppliers. The security of your organization is compromised if vendors have inadequate security measures in place.

Incident Notification Protocol

• If an organization falls under the NIS 2 directive and experiences a significant incident, it must notify Xirt within 24 hours. A preliminary impact assessment is required within 72 hours.

• Continuous communication with authorities is necessary until a complete report on the incident is submitted.

Understanding the Role of CN (National Cybersecurity Agency)

• The CN oversees compliance with NIS 2 in Italy and has real authority to enforce regulations. It can identify obligated entities, conduct checks, impose fines for non-compliance, and publicize violations.

• As of March 2025, CN has begun requesting documentation from organizations to verify compliance measures.

Xirt's Functionality

• Xirt (Computer Security Incident Response Team), established within CN as per NIS 2 directives, handles incident reporting while CN manages broader regulatory enforcement.

Consequences of Non-compliance

• Fines for essential entities can reach up to €10 million or 2% of global revenue; important entities face fines up to €7 million or 1.4%.

• Beyond financial penalties, there are reputational damages if incidents are made public. Company leaders may also be held personally accountable for negligence.

Initial Steps Towards Compliance

• Determine if your organization falls under NIS 2 by checking sector classification, employee count, services provided, and revenue.

• Register with the CN website promptly; delaying registration only increases potential fines.

Action Plan Development

• Appoint a designated person responsible for overseeing NIS 2 compliance efforts within the organization.

• Conduct an initial assessment of current cybersecurity measures in place; identify gaps in policies or training needs.

Employee Training Importance

• Train all employees on cybersecurity awareness since human error remains a primary vulnerability point in organizations.

Documentation Necessity

• [] (No timestamp available but implied importance based on context.) Document all compliance efforts thoroughly as part of adherence to NIS 2 regulations similar to GDPR requirements.

Documentation and Cybersecurity: Key Insights

Importance of Documentation in Cybersecurity

• The speaker emphasizes the necessity of documenting every step taken in cybersecurity efforts, likening it to a written record that validates actions taken.

• Examples provided include employee training sessions where certificates are issued and policies adopted in writing, ensuring transparency and accountability.

• Communication methods such as emailing policies to employees are highlighted as effective ways to ensure everyone is informed.

Overview of NIS 2 Directive

• The NIS 2 directive is introduced as the new European legislation on cybersecurity, impacting numerous businesses including small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

• In Italy, this directive will be enforced through decree 138 of 2024, establishing a regulatory framework for compliance.

• Concrete obligations and significant penalties for non-compliance are outlined, stressing the seriousness of adherence to these regulations.

Perception of Security Investment

• The speaker argues that security should not be viewed as optional but rather as essential insurance against potential threats.

• There is a common misconception that investing in security measures is unnecessary until an incident occurs; this highlights the reactive nature many organizations adopt towards cybersecurity.

• A call to action encourages viewers to subscribe, comment, and share the video with others who may benefit from this information.