Las 6 Etapas del Desarrollo Moral de Kohlberg

Lawrence Goldberg's Theory of Moral Reasoning Development

In this section, we explore Lawrence Goldberg's theory of moral reasoning development, which consists of six stages organized into three levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional.

The Six Stages of Moral Reasoning Development

• Stage 1 - Obedience and Punishment Orientation:

• Juan's moral judgment is based on avoiding punishment. He wants to help his friend in a fight but refrains from doing so out of fear of being punished by the teacher.

• Stage 2 - Self-Interest Orientation:

• Mariah considers intervening to help Tomas but also weighs the potential consequences for herself. She wonders if helping him now might lead to him helping her in the future.

• Stage 3 - Conformity and Interpersonal Relationships:

• Betty wants to intervene in the fight but decides not to when she realizes that everyone else is just watching. She values being seen as a good girl who conforms to community ethics.

• Stage 4 - Authority and Social Order Maintenance:

• When the teacher immediately intervenes and yells at the fighting students, Juan believes it is crucial to follow rules and maintain social order. He feels it is his duty to respect the rules that uphold society.

• Stage 5 - Social Contract Orientation:

• Jesse observes from a distance and questions how she feels about the situation. For her, rules only make sense if they serve their intended purpose. While fighting is prohibited by school rules, she wonders if Tomas deserves to learn a lesson.

• Stage 6 - Universal Ethical Principles:

• The director, representing the post-conventional level, explains that rules are valid only if they are based on justice. He emphasizes compassion as the highest moral principle and encourages understanding others' perspectives.

Levels of Moral Reasoning Development

• Pre-Conventional Level:

• Band is driven by fear, and Mariah is motivated by self-interest. Both make moral judgments based on direct consequences for themselves rather than societal norms.

• Conventional Level:

• Betty follows rules due to peer pressure and teacher influence. Her morality aligns with societal expectations without questioning the fairness of rules. This level is common during adolescence and adulthood.

• Post-Conventional Level:

• The director operates at this level, detached from societal opinions or rules. He prioritizes universal ethical principles such as compassion over societal norms. Not everyone reaches this level of moral reasoning.

Lawrence Goldberg's Research on Moral Development

In this section, we explore Lawrence Goldberg's research methodology and a famous moral dilemma presented to his students.

Goldberg's Research Methodology

• Based on Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory:

• Lawrence Goldberg built upon Piaget's theory to develop his stages of moral reasoning development. He interviewed children aged 10 to 16 years old and analyzed their justifications in hypothetical moral dilemmas.

The James Dilemma

• A Famous Moral Dilemma:

• James' wife is critically ill, and the only medication that could save her life is sold by a pharmacist at an exorbitant price. James, unable to afford it, asks for a discount but is refused. He eventually steals the medicine to save his wife.

• Discussion Questions:

• Should James have stolen the medicine? Would it change anything if James' wife was not involved? Should the police have arrested the pharmacist? Participants are invited to share their responses and justifications in the comments.

Conclusion

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