HUESOS del CRÁNEO y de la CARA. Repaso anatómico de cada HUESO

Anatomy of the Skull: Overview and Key Bones

Introduction to Skull Anatomy

• The video utilizes illustrations to explore the skull from five different perspectives, including frontal, rear, inferior, lateral, and sagittal views.

• Each bone is color-coded in the illustrations for easier identification, mirroring colors used in anatomy atlases.

Frontal Bone

• The frontal bone is highlighted first; it appears blue in illustrations and is described as an unpaired, symmetrical bone located at the front of the skull.

• It articulates with nasal, zygomatic, lacrimal, and maxillary bones anteriorly and with parietal bones posteriorly through the coronal suture.

• The frontal bone contributes to forming the orbit and nasal cavities; its separation from parietals forms the coronal suture.

Parietal Bones

• Next discussed are the parietal bones; they appear on either side of the skull in various views (frontal, posterior).

• These paired bones are flat structures located between frontal and occipital bones. They consist of two layers of compact bone surrounding a layer of spongy tissue.

• Important sutures include:

• Coronal suture (between frontal and parietal)

• Sagittal suture (between both parietals)

• Lambdoid suture (between parietals and occipital)

• Squamous suture (between parietals and temporals).

Occipital Bone

• The occipital bone is introduced next; it’s large but not visible from a frontal view. It’s located at the back lower part of the skull.

• This unpaired bone features three portions surrounding the foramen magnum where vital structures like spinal nerves pass through.

Temporal Bones

• Finally, temporal bones are examined; these paired bones are found on each side of the skull. They can be seen clearly in various views including lateral ones.

Anatomy of the Skull: Key Bones and Their Features

Temporal Bone

• The temporal bone is a paired lateral bone located between the sphenoid, parietal, and occipital bones. It consists of three portions: petrous, tympanic, and squamous. It is primarily made up of compact bone with some spongy bone in the petrous portion.

Sphenoid Bone

• The sphenoid bone is an unpaired median bone situated between the frontal, occipital, and temporal bones. It has a central body that houses the sella turcica where the pituitary gland resides. The body is surrounded by compact tissue and contains some spongy tissue at its apex.

Ethmoid Bone

• The ethmoid bone can be seen best from a frontal view; it features thin plates of compact and spongy bone. Its horizontal portion (cribriform plate) supports olfactory nerve roots while its vertical portion (perpendicular plate) contributes to nasal cavity structure.

Zygomatic Bone

• The zygomatic bone is a paired structure located between the frontal, temporal, and maxillary bones. It forms part of the lateral wall of the orbit and contributes to the zygomatic arch. This bone consists mainly of spongy tissue encased in compact tissue.

Nasal Bone

• Nasal bones are two small flat structures positioned medially between the maxillae's frontal processes; they articulate superiorly with the frontal bone. Each nasal bone has a concave upper surface and convex lower surface contributing to nasal cavity formation.

Lacrimal Bone

• The lacrimal bones are paired structures found in front of the orbital lamina of the ethmoid; they have lateral and medial surfaces along with four borders (superior, inferior, anterior, posterior). They play a role in tear drainage through their fossa for lacrimal sac placement.

Maxilla

• The maxillae are paired facial bones forming most of the upper jaw; they articulate with several other facial bones including themselves at midline via palatine processes which form part of hard palate structure. Each maxilla has various processes including frontal, zygomatic, palatine, and alveolar processes for teeth support.

Mandible

• The mandible is an unpaired symmetrical mobile bone located at the lower face's base; it comprises a body with two rami on either side supporting teeth sockets for lower dentition as well as providing structural integrity to facial architecture.

Anatomy of the Skull and Facial Bones

Overview of Key Bones

• The discussion begins with a focus on a specific bone, referred to as "hueso bomber," which is described as an unpaired and medial bone composed entirely of compact bone. It extends from the inferior face of the body of the sphenoid to the median palatine suture.

• The location of this bone is clarified; it is situated between the maxillary sinus, palatine bone, and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, forming part of the lower nasal septum. It features two lateral surfaces and four borders: anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior.

Palatine Bone Characteristics

• The palatine bone is identified as a paired deep structure that stretches from the posterior edge of the maxilla to its articulation with other bones. Its visibility varies in different views; it can be seen in sagittal sections but not prominently in frontal views.

• This bone contributes significantly to various anatomical structures including the orbit, nasal cavity, palatine fossa, and hard palate. It consists of a vertical (perpendicular) plate and a horizontal plate made primarily from compact bone with spongy tissue at its base.

Functional Aspects

• The palatine bone serves multiple functions such as acting as a resonance chamber during speech and playing a role in forming nasal cavities. The video concludes by summarizing all skull bones discussed while encouraging viewers to engage through likes or comments for further interaction.