CUÁLES SON LOS MÉTODOS, TÉCNICAS E INSTRUMENTOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN
Introduction
In this section, the speaker introduces the topic of methods, techniques, and instruments for gathering information in research.
Methods, Techniques, and Instruments for Data Collection
- The choice of methods, techniques, and instruments for data collection depends largely on the research objectives, hypotheses, and variables selected.
- Different types of research include documentary research and field research.
- Most studies use documentary research regardless of qualitative or quantitative approaches.
Documentary Research Methods
- Documentary research primarily involves bibliographic synthesis by searching information from sources like books and journals.
- Bibliographic synthesis uses tools such as bibliographic work cards categorized into paraphrase, summary, and textual citation.
Field Research Methods
- For quantitative studies, surveys are commonly used with probabilistic sampling methods.
- Qualitative approaches often employ observation synthesis or selective sampling through techniques like observation and interviews.
Observation Techniques
- Observation synthesis aims to gather information based on predefined criteria set by the researcher.
- Ordinary observation is crucial for exploratory studies to structure theoretical frameworks and establish hypotheses.
Sampling Methods
- Probabilistic sampling ensures equal opportunities for all individuals in the study population to be selected.
- Surveys involve a set of questions aimed at obtaining opinions on specific issues using questionnaires.
Interviewing Techniques
- Interviews involve conversations between two or more individuals based on questions posed by the interviewer.
- Interview questionnaires use open-ended questions to allow interviewees to elaborate on their responses.
Focus Group Methodology
- Focus groups gather individuals to discuss specific topics under a moderator's guidance.