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ANTIGUA GRECIA 1: Minoicos y Micénicos - El laberinto del Minotauro y la Guerra de Troya (Historia)
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ANTIGUA GRECIA 1: Minoicos y Micénicos - El laberinto del Minotauro y la Guerra de Troya (Historia)

Ancient Greece: Minoans and Mycenaeans

This section covers the history of ancient Greece from 3500 to 1100 BC, focusing on the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations.

The Minoan Culture

  • Crete was first inhabited about 8000 years ago by people who arrived in precarious boats.
  • They first lived in caves and began their first cults to nature, personified in the Mother Goddess.
  • Over time, wood and clay villages were built for livestock, fishing, and agriculture.
  • Ancient caves became shrines dedicated to their goddess of fertility.

Commercial Contacts with Other Civilizations

  • Around 3000 BC, the Minoans began receiving visits from abroad.
  • These commercial contacts with Egypt, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and Phenicia boosted their progress and made them leave the Chalcolithic.
  • They had copper but lacked tin to create bronze weapons until they started trading with other civilizations.
  • They also excelled in goldsmithing, pottery making, textiles production thanks to their sheep.

The Era of Palaces

  • Coming to 2000 BC begins a period known as the era of palaces.
  • Improving life led to new techniques in agriculture or trade that contributed to a population increase resulting in larger cities.
  • Typical Minoan palaces like Knossos were built along with shrines both in ancient caves and mountain peaks.

Artistic Achievements

  • The Minoans developed a new form of writing called linear A which unfortunately has not been deciphered yet.
  • They were good at art such as Kamares pottery which was unique polychromed with beautiful drawings of animals, people or geometric shapes.
  • They also excelled in glasses, fabrics and jewelry and ivory carvings and bronze.

Expansion and Decline

  • The Mycenaean civilization arose from the city of Mycenae, which was one of the most famous cities of the Achaeans who settled in the Peloponnese peninsula south.
  • The Minoans tried to settle in other places like Aegean islands like Kythira, Tera or Rhodes, and even on the Turkish coast and Miletus but could not make much headway because Anatolia was crowded with other civilizations.

The Minoan Culture

This section discusses the Minoan culture, including bullfights and bull-leaping, which were important cultural events. The British archaeologist Arthur Evans discovered the ruins of the palace in 1900 and named it after a legendary king of Crete called Minos.

Bullfights and Bull-Leaping

  • Bullfights were held in the inner courtyard.
  • They played jump bull and bull-leaping, which was basically a kind of rodeo.
  • The bull in their culture was very important, as it was a symbol of fertility and eroticism.

Discovery of the Palace

  • The British archaeologist Arthur Evans discovered the ruins of the palace in 1900.
  • He decided to call this "Minoan" culture because it related to a legendary king of Crete called Minos.

Greek Mythology

This section discusses Greek mythology related to Crete, including how Zeus was hidden on the island by Rhea to protect him from his father Cronos. It also talks about how Zeus disguised himself as a bull and had three children with Europa.

Zeus on Crete

  • According to Greek mythology, Rhea hid Zeus on Crete to protect him from his father Cronos.
  • On this island he was raised by nymphs and goats.
  • As an adult he kidnapped a Phoenician princess named Europa while disguised as a bull.

Children of Zeus

  • Zeus had three children: Sarpedon, Minos, and Radamantis.
  • Sarpedon was exiled and eventually prevailed in the region of Lycia.
  • Radamantis became a legislator.

The Legend of the Minotaur

This section discusses the legend of the Minotaur, including how it was born from Pasiphae's bestiality with a bull. It also talks about how King Minos asked Daedalus to design a maze to hide the monster.

Birth of the Minotaur

  • King Minos asked Poseidon to sacrifice a bull in his honor, but he sacrificed another one instead.
  • Poseidon punished him by making his wife Pasiphae disguise herself as a cow and have sex with the bull.
  • The result was the birth of the minotaur.

The Maze

  • King Minos asked Daedalus to design a maze to hide the monster.
  • Theseus later killed the minotaur and escaped from the maze using Ariadne's thread.

Mycenaean Influence

This section discusses how Mycenaean culture influenced Crete, including introducing Zeus as their god and teaching them about horses, chariots, and bronze weapons.

Mycenaean Culture

  • The Mycenaeans introduced Zeus as their god on Crete.
  • They also taught them about horses, chariots, and bronze weapons.

Tribute to Athens

This section discusses how King Minos invaded the region of Attica and imposed tribute 7 boys and 7 girls every 9 years to be locked in the maze and feed the Minotaur. It also talks about how Theseus killed the monster.

Invasion of Attica

  • King Minos invaded the region of Attica.
  • He imposed tribute 7 boys and 7 girls every 9 years to be locked in the maze and feed the Minotaur.

Theseus Kills the Monster

  • Theseus determined to kill the monster.
  • He got between taxes and arrived in Crete.
  • In the palace of Knossos he met a daughter of King Minos, Ariadna, with whom he flirts.
  • Once in the maze, Theseus kills minotauro and fails to find the exit following Ariadne's thread.

Talos Crete

This section discusses Talos Crete, a giant automaton made of bronze that was dedicated to protect the island from any threat.

Talos Crete

  • Talos Crete is a giant automaton made of bronze.
  • It was indestructible except for one peg on his heel.
  • This creature was dedicated to protect the island from any threat.

The Mycenaean Civilization

This section discusses the origin of languages and the Mycenaean civilization.

Origin of Languages

  • Dead and living languages such as Latin, ancient Persian, Greek, Indian Sanskrit, Germanic or Slavonic have their origin in a single ancestral village called proto-Indo-European.
  • It is theorized that this village was situated in the Caucuses.
  • The migration of this group of people could give rise to many present-day languages.

Mycenaean Civilization

  • The Achaeans founded cities on the Greek mainland such as Mycenae, Tirinto, Midea, Argos, Epidaurus and Corinth.
  • They brought new gods such as Zeus, Hera, Athena, Demeter, Artemis, Aphrodite, Ares, Hermes, Poseidon Hephaestus Apollo and Hestia.
  • The Achaeans were quite bellicose and heavily fortified their cities unlike the Minoans who did not.
  • Most of the population was engaged in merchant or weapon-making activities while women were engaged in textile industries from wool and linen imported from Egypt.
  • They colonized many islands in the Aegean: Cyclades Dodecanese Crete Cyprus or Chios.

Subjugation of Minoans by Achaeans

  • After Tera volcano erupted around 1500 BC followed by a disaster shortly afterwards around 1450 BC.
  • The Achaeans decided to storm the island of Crete taking advantage of their weakness and seize power over maritime trade in the Aegean.
  • Now the Minoans would be subjugated by the Achaeans for two centuries.

The Trojan War

This section provides an overview of the Trojan War, as described in Homer's epic poem, The Iliad.

Background

  • Troy was situated on the doorstep of the Strait of Dardamelos, the Hellespont, which was a step towards the peoples of the Black Sea.
  • Hector and Paris, sons of King Priam of Troy went to Sparta to discuss treaties but Paris ended up getting involved with Helena, wife of Spartan King Menelaus.
  • Agamemnon, king of Mycenae united all Greeks Achaeans and Aeolians to create a fleet of more than a thousand ships and best soldiers.

The War

  • After ten years of siege, Achilles kills Hector in revenge for killing his cousin Patroclus.
  • Ulises proposes building a horse as a gift to pretend that they had given it to Troy. Trojans put behind its walls the huge horse and night within him came the best Greek warriors who opened the gates and destroyed everything.
  • All these conflicts jodieron balance known world and collapse final bronze ensued.

The Return Of Heracleidae

This section describes how after all these conflicts jodieron balance known world and collapse final bronze ensued.

Migration

  • Around 1200 BC The Achaeans were displaced towards Aegean and Crete casting native turn triggering chain reaction in form migration throughout area.
  • These people had to live looting and piracy for long time. Some people relate this to Sea Peoples or at least portion.
Video description

Las civilizaciones minoica y micénica fueron las primeras grandes culturas del mundo griego y sentaron las bases de la futura Grecia clásica. En este vídeo exploramos la enigmática civilización minoica, desarrollada en la isla de Creta entre el 3000 y el 1450 a.C., con centros como Cnossos, famosa por sus palacios, su arte refinado, su religión ligada a la naturaleza y sus complejos sistemas administrativos. Analizamos la leyenda del Minotauro, el laberinto de Dédalo y el rey Minos, mitos inspirados en la arquitectura palaciega minoica. A continuación, nos adentramos en la civilización micénica, surgida en la Grecia continental entre el 1600 y el 1100 a.C., con ciudades fortificadas como Micenas, Tirinto y Pilos, y una sociedad guerrera que aparece en la tradición homérica. Repasamos la escritura Lineal B, los vínculos con el mundo minoico, y la legendaria Guerra de Troya, narrada en la Ilíada, con héroes como Agamenón, Aquiles, Héctor y Ulises. También abordamos el colapso de estas civilizaciones hacia el 1200 a.C. y el inicio de la Edad Oscura griega. Un viaje a los orígenes míticos e históricos de Grecia, donde arqueología y leyenda se entrelazan. 🚀➤Patreon → https://bit.ly/2E3zmkS 🎥➤Canal de Cine → https://bit.ly/2Q2hEmj 🐥➤Twitter → https://bit.ly/2YpvuCh 🖼➤Instagram → https://bit.ly/2JfEXIT 📮➤Facebook → https://bit.ly/2JBaMeK 🔏➤Mi Blog → https://bit.ly/2HgsRvI #Historia #CulturaMinoica #Documental EPISODIO 29 de PERO ESO ES OTRA HISTORIA (web serie documental) ANTIGUA GRECIA 1: Minoicos y Micénicos. El laberinto del Minotauro y la Guerra de Troya 0:00. Introducción 0:19. La civilización minoica (3500-1400 a.C.) 9:18. La civilización micénica (1600-1100 a.C.) Hace mucho tiempo, en la islita de Creta, vivía una gente que, aunque se dice que hacían sacrificios humanos, llegó a ser muy civilizada. Construyeron grandes palacios, como el de Cnosos, y crearon dos tipos de escritura, una jeroglífica y otra silábica, la Lineal A. Comerciaron con mucha gente, como con los egipcios, Mesopotamia o Fenicia, y también con unos vecinos recién instalados en la península del Peloponeso en Grecia. Eran los Micénicos. Estos futuros griegos, también conocidos como Aqueos por Homero, tenían ganas de marchota, así que decidieron invadir a los minoicos tras el desastre de la erupción del volcán de Tera. Y sus ansias de poder les llevaron a una guerra contra Troya que desequilibraría las fuerzas de todo el Mediterráneo y acabaría originando lo que se conoce como las invasiones de los Pueblos del Mar. --------------- 'Pero eso es otra Historia' es una serie documental semanal emitida a través de Youtube que busca ser un resumen divertido de toda la historia de la humanidad, desde la creación de la Tierra hasta la actualidad. Si buscas curiosidades sobre la Historia, este es tu sitio.