PROPORCIÓN del cuerpo humano/ Figura humana/ Anatomía artística / Clases de arte para principiantes
Understanding Human Proportions in Art
Introduction to Human Proportions
- The video welcomes art enthusiasts and introduces the topic of human body proportions, emphasizing their application in drawing.
- It highlights three key sciences involved in understanding proportions: anthropometry (study of human body proportions), ergonomics (study of movements and interactions), and artistic anatomy.
Historical Context of Proportions
- Ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians, established ideal body proportions using mathematical formulas, dividing the body into modules; for instance, an Egyptian man measured about 18 fists according to ancient canon.
- In Ancient Greece, Polykleitos set ideal proportions based on a basic measure called "module," creating a seven-head canon. Sculptor Lysippos later used a seven-and-a-half head canon.
Renaissance Influence on Proportions
- Vitruvius and Leonardo da Vinci revived classical canons during the Renaissance; artists like Dürer and Michelangelo also studied these principles extensively.
- Michelangelo adopted a 100.5 head canon while Leonardo favored an eight-head canon, which is now considered heroic proportion.
Modern Developments in Proportion
- By the mid-19th century, new criteria emerged for human figures based on the golden ratio. Le Corbusier introduced a module based on an average height of 182 cm.
Practical Application of Canons
- Understanding these canons is essential for accurately drawing human figures; starting with the head as a reference point allows artists to determine both length and width.
- Three main canons are currently utilized: seven-and-a-half heads for common figures, eight heads for ideal figures (often seen in tall models), and eight-and-a-half heads for more refined references.