Análisis de fuente con LNK364PN (diagrama con ingeniería inversa)

Introduction and Channel Growth

The speaker greets the viewers and expresses gratitude for their support. They mention that the channel is growing and that many viewers are interested in understanding and repairing power supplies.

Power Supply Basics

• Power supply example: The speaker shows a circuit board from a microwave oven, which serves as an example for discussing power supplies.

• Components on the board: The top side of the board contains some surface-mount components, while the bottom side has resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, and larger power components.

• Importance of video: The speaker mentions that the video will teach new things about power supplies or serve as a refresher for those already familiar with them.

Identifying Circuit Sectors

The speaker discusses the importance of being able to identify different sectors on electronic circuit boards when repairing them. They compare photographs of the actual board with images shown in the video to help viewers understand these sectors.

Comparing Photographs

• High voltage sector (red): This sector includes a connector for AC input and features rectifiers, capacitors, and an integrated circuit.

• Low voltage sector (green): This sector represents the low-voltage output of the power supply. It includes capacitors with 5V and 12V ratings.

• Control section (yellow): This section contains a microcontroller, peripheral components like crystals, and is crucial for overall functionality.

Examining Bottom Side of Board

The speaker flips over the circuit board to show its bottom side. They explain how this view corresponds to what was discussed earlier regarding different sectors on the board.

Bottom Side Analysis

• High voltage sector (red): Similar to what was seen on the top side, this sector contains components related to high-power functions. Caution is advised when working with this sector.

• Low voltage sector (blue): This sector corresponds to the low-voltage output of the power supply, as discussed earlier.

• Transformer and markings: The speaker points out the transformer and its primary and secondary windings marked for 5V and 12V outputs.

Importance of Understanding Power Supply

The speaker emphasizes that understanding power supplies is crucial for repairing electronic boards. They mention that most issues are often related to power supply problems.

Focusing on Power Supply

• Repair priority: The speaker states that approximately 95% of repair cases involve power supply issues.

• Not discussing entire board: In this video, they will solely focus on explaining power supplies rather than covering the entire circuit board.

Finding Diagrams for Repairs

The speaker addresses a common concern among repair technicians about finding diagrams or schematics for the specific boards they are working on.

Difficulty in Finding Diagrams

• Generic boards: Many manufacturers use generic circuit boards across different brands, making it challenging to find specific diagrams.

• Example board brand: The speaker mentions a specific microwave oven brand (Miidea) but notes that similar boards can be found in other brands as well.

These notes provide a clear and concise summary of the transcript, using timestamps where available to help others study the content effectively.

Understanding Electronic Cards and Power Sources

In this section, the speaker introduces the topic of electronic cards and power sources. The focus is on understanding the principles behind power sources for various electronic devices.

Principles of Power Sources in Electronic Cards

• The speaker mentions that the information discussed in this video can be applied to different electronic cards, such as those found in microwave ovens or power supplies.

• A specific example is shown of a different electronic card with a larger size and a removable power module. This offers the opportunity to replace the entire module if needed.

• Comparisons are made between two power sources: one from a high-power sector on a card and another on a separate board. They share common components like integrated circuits, capacitors, rectifier bridges, and optocouplers.

• Differences are noted, such as the presence of two optocouplers on one card compared to only one on another. Additionally, one card has a fuse while the other does not.

• The speaker emphasizes that although these cards may appear different, they have similar concepts that can be applied to other power sources in different electronic devices.

Reverse Engineering and Obtaining Diagrams

In this section, the speaker discusses reverse engineering and obtaining diagrams for electronic devices.

Reverse Engineering Process

• The speaker mentions that obtaining diagrams for these types of power sources can be challenging.

• Surprisingly, they were able to find a diagram for an oven's power source from 2005. This diagram provides more complete information compared to previous ones shown.

• Reverse engineering is briefly explained as a process where one learns how something works by analyzing its components and connections.

• The speaker shares their own experience of starting with manual reverse engineering but eventually using software programs to create organized diagrams for better presentation.

Applying Reverse Engineering to a Small Card

In this section, the speaker demonstrates how reverse engineering can be applied to a small electronic card.

Learning and Applying Reverse Engineering

• The speaker acknowledges that some may question the relevance of reverse engineering such a small card. However, they emphasize that the principles and concepts learned can be applied to more complex power sources or circuits.

• They encourage viewers to embrace the challenge of learning and doing things themselves rather than relying on ready-made solutions.

• The speaker introduces the use of a multimeter in continuity mode for testing connections on the card.

• The pins for AC power input are identified as neutral, line, and motor. Continuity is checked between these pins and diodes to confirm rectification.

• The diagram shown in the video corresponds to these connections, with arrows indicating AC input going into diodes.

Understanding Rectification in Power Sources

In this section, the speaker explains the importance of rectification in power sources.

Importance of Rectification

• The speaker highlights that since AC current needs to be rectified in power sources, continuity should exist between one of the pins (neutral or line) and diodes.

• They mention that one pin has continuity with two diodes while another does not have continuity with any diode. This confirms proper rectification.

• The diagram presented shows an arrow representing AC input connected directly to diodes.

Conclusion and Encouragement for Self-Learning

In this final section, the speaker concludes by encouraging self-learning and summarizing their approach.

Embracing Self-Learning

• The speaker concludes by emphasizing that everyone has had to learn at some point and that the principles demonstrated can be applied to more complex circuits or power sources.

• They express their willingness to share their experience and knowledge gained over the years, highlighting the importance of effort and determination in learning.

• The use of a multimeter in continuity mode is mentioned again as a practical tool for testing connections.

• The speaker encourages viewers to continue watching the video series to learn how to create diagrams and understand circuits better.

Timestamps are approximate and may vary slightly depending on the source.

Medición del ping y resolución de conexiones

En esta sección, el presentador menciona que van a medir el ping y resolver las conexiones en el circuito.

Medición del ping y seguimiento de conexiones

• Se realiza una medición del ping para determinar la conexión.

• Se identifican dos diodos conectados a un cátodo y un ánodo.

• Se observa que hay un resistor de 22 ohmios en una línea antes de llegar a los diodos.

• Se verifica la conexión del resistor mediante comprobación de continuidad.

• Se corrige un error en el diagrama donde se indica incorrectamente la resistencia como 22 acá en lugar de 22 ohmios.

Conexión adicional a través de un resistor

En esta sección, se descubre una conexión adicional a través de un resistor en el circuito.

Descubrimiento de una conexión adicional

• Además de llegar a los diodos, se encuentra otra conexión hacia otro resistor.

• El resistor tiene colores que indican su valor como 180 k ohmios.

• Se mide la resistencia para confirmar su valor.

• La resistencia está conectada entre el negativo del capacitor y los diodos.

Conexión entre capacitores y bobina primaria

En esta sección, se verifica la conexión entre los capacitores y la bobina primaria del transformador.

Verificación de la conexión entre capacitores y bobina primaria

• Los dos ánodos están conectados al lado positivo de los capacitores.

• Se verifica la continuidad entre los capacitores y los pines de la bobina primaria del transformador.

• Se confirma que hay continuidad entre el positivo de los capacitores y la bobina primaria.

Conexión adicional a través de una bobina

En esta sección, se descubre una conexión adicional a través de una bobina en el circuito.

Descubrimiento de una conexión adicional

• Se observa que hay una línea o pista que une el negativo de un capacitor con el negativo del otro capacitor.

• La línea está conectada mediante una bonita verde o celeste.

• Esta conexión se representa en el diagrama con un valor incorrecto, pero su propósito es indicar la presencia de una bobina entre los capacitores.

Verificación de la conexión al transformador

En esta sección, se verifica la conexión entre los capacitores y la bobina primaria del transformador.

Verificación de la conexión al transformador

• Se verifica la continuidad entre el positivo de los capacitores y uno de los pines de la bobina primaria del transformador.

• Se confirma que hay continuidad entre ambos puntos.

Búsqueda e información sobre el circuito integrado

En esta sección, se busca información sobre el circuito integrado utilizado en el circuito.

Búsqueda e información sobre el circuito integrado

• Se utiliza un microscopio para examinar y obtener información sobre el circuito integrado.

• El uso de una lupa o microscopio ayuda a visualizar los detalles del circuito.

• Se menciona la importancia de consultar la hoja de datos para obtener más información sobre el circuito integrado.

Component Analysis: Resistors and Capacitors

In this section, the speaker discusses the analysis of resistors and capacitors in a circuit.

Resistor Analysis

• The resistor being analyzed has a value of 180 ohms.

• It is important to note that the measured resistance may not be the actual value due to it being a coil.

Capacitor Analysis

• The speaker mentions the presence of capacitors in the circuit.

• A small capacitor with a capacitance of 1 microfarad is used as an optocoupler.

• Other capacitors are present for filtering noise and frequency.

Introduction to Integrated Circuits

This section introduces integrated circuits and focuses on one specific circuit, lnk364p.

lnk364p Integrated Circuit

• The lnk364p is commonly used in low-power sources such as ovens.

• It has few external components, making it advantageous for use.

• The datasheet provides information about its pin functions and connections.

Exploring the Datasheet

Here, the speaker explores the datasheet of the lnk364p integrated circuit.

Understanding Pin Functions

• Pin descriptions are provided in the datasheet.

• Pins include "Master Enable," "Bypass," "Feedback," and "Source."

• Each pin serves a specific function within the circuit.

Engineering Reverse Engineering

This section discusses reverse engineering techniques when faced with unfamiliar circuits or control systems.

Importance of Circuit Information

• When repairing a circuit board, it may be challenging to find its diagram specifically.

• However, information about individual integrated circuits can often be found.

Pin Descriptions and Connections

The speaker examines the pin descriptions and connections of the lnk364p integrated circuit.

Pin Descriptions

• Pin 1 is the "Master Enable" pin, responsible for powering the primary coil of the transformer.

• Pin 3 is the "Bypass" pin, connected to a 0.1 microfarad capacitor.

• Pin 4 is the "Feedback" pin.

• Pins 2, 7, and 8 are related to power supply control.

Detailed Examination of Pin Connections

This section provides a detailed examination of specific pins and their connections in the lnk364p integrated circuit.

Examining Pin Connections

• The speaker visually examines each pin and its corresponding connection on the circuit board.

Please note that these summaries are based on limited information from the provided transcript.

Sentido contrario a las manecillas del

En esta sección, se menciona la dirección en la que gira algo.

Sentido de giro contrario a las manecillas del reloj

• Se habla sobre el sentido de giro contrario a las manecillas del reloj.

• No hay más información disponible en el transcript.

Diagrama de la hoja de datos y captura de pantalla

Se menciona un diagrama en una hoja de datos y se sugiere tomar una captura de pantalla o buscar dicha hoja para su estudio.

Diagrama en la hoja de datos

• Se menciona un diagrama presente en una hoja de datos.

• Se sugiere tomar una captura de pantalla o buscar dicha hoja para su estudio y análisis.

• La referencia específica es "nk 3 636 2 o 3 64".

Observaciones sobre una pequeña fuente

El narrador comparte sus observaciones sobre una pequeña fuente y menciona los optoacopladores presentes en ella.

Observaciones sobre la fuente y los optoacopladores

• El narrador comenta que le llamó la atención tener en sus manos esta pequeña fuente con dos optoacopladores.

• Hace referencia a un video previo donde explicaba cómo verificar el funcionamiento del PC817, relacionado con las fuentes.

• Menciona que las fuentes siempre llevan optoacopladores para monitorear y controlar lo que ocurre en el lado secundario de la fuente.

• Explica que el optoacoplador informa a la parte de control de la fuente sobre las condiciones del lado secundario, como cortocircuitos o consumo excesivo de corriente.

Función del optoacoplador en las fuentes

Se explica la función del optoacoplador en las fuentes y se menciona que la placa tiene dos optoacopladores.

Función del optoacoplador en las fuentes

• El narrador explica que el optoacoplador en las fuentes tiene la función de monitorear y controlar el flujo de corriente.

• Menciona que la placa analizada tiene dos optoacopladores, pero no se especifica su propósito exacto.

Ubicación de los pines en los optoacopladores

Se habla sobre la ubicación de los pines en los optoacopladores presentes en la placa.

Ubicación de los pines en los optoacopladores

• Se muestra un diagrama donde se pueden observar las marcas y números de los pines en uno de los optoacopladores.

• Se menciona que es necesario consultar la hoja de datos del PC817 para comprender su funcionalidad.

• No hay más información disponible en el transcript.

Descripción física y pines del PC817

Se describe físicamente el PC817 y se detallan sus pines según una hoja de datos.

Descripción física y pines del PC817

• Se muestra un ejemplo de la forma física del PC817 y se describen los pines.

• Los pines 1 y 2 corresponden al diodo emisor de luz, con el cátodo en el pin 2 y el ánodo en el pin 1.

• Los pines 3 y 4 corresponden al fototransistor, con el colector en el pin 3 y el emisor en el pin 4.

• Se menciona que una muesca o círculo en la parte física del componente indica qué pin es cuál.

Comparación de los pines del optoacoplador con el diagrama

Se compara la ubicación de los pines del optoacoplador con respecto al diagrama presente en la hoja de datos.

Comparación de los pines del optoacoplador con el diagrama

• Se compara la ubicación de los pines del optoacoplador con respecto al diagrama presente en la hoja de datos.

• Se concluye que el diodo emisor de luz está en el lado secundario de la fuente, mientras que el fototransistor está en el lado primario.

• No hay más información disponible en el transcript.

Conexión correcta de los pines según diagrama

Se verifica si la conexión correcta de los pines del optoacoplador coincide con lo indicado en el diagrama.

Conexión correcta según diagrama

• Se verifica si la conexión correcta de los pines del optoacoplador coincide con lo indicado en el diagrama.

• Se confirma que el emisor del fototransistor debe ir al feedback (pin 4) y el colector al bypass (pin 3).

• Se realiza una comprobación de continuidad para confirmar las conexiones correctas.

Levantamiento del diagrama según componentes

Se menciona cómo se ha levantado el diagrama a partir de los componentes presentes en la tarjeta.

Levantamiento del diagrama según componentes

• Se menciona que se ha levantado el diagrama a partir de los componentes presentes en la tarjeta.

• Se hace referencia a la hoja de datos y a la información proporcionada para obtener una comprensión más completa.

• No hay más información disponible en el transcript.

Overview of Previous Videos

The speaker mentions that in the previous videos, they have covered certain topics.

Recap of Previous Videos

• The speaker briefly mentions that the previous videos have covered certain concepts and topics. No specific details are provided.

Checking the Connection of a Resistor

The speaker discusses checking the connection of a resistor and its relationship with other components.

Checking Resistor Connection

• The speaker demonstrates how to check the connection of a resistor.

• They mention that the resistor is connected to a capacitor on the same line.

• The resistor is also connected to the second capacitor of the power supply.

• These connections help prevent damage from inductive spikes when power is cut off.

• While these components are important, they usually do not cause problems. Other components like resistors or integrated circuits may be more prone to damage.

Function of Capacitors and Resistors in Power Supply

The speaker explains the function of capacitors and resistors in a power supply circuit.

Function of Capacitors and Resistors

• Capacitors and resistors in a power supply circuit help absorb energy from inductive spikes caused by cutting off power.

• When power is cut off, there is a voltage spike due to the energy transfer from primary coils to secondary coils.

• These components prevent damage caused by these voltage spikes.

• While they are important, they usually do not cause problems. Other components like resistors or integrated circuits may be more prone to damage.

Introduction to Another Component - Optocoupler

The speaker introduces another component called an optocoupler and discusses its function.

Introduction to Optocoupler

• The speaker mentions that there is another component called an optocoupler in the circuit.

• They explain that the optocoupler is connected to a resistor, diodes, and another resistor.

• The connection of these components forms a node in the circuit.

• The optocoupler's pin 1 is connected to the resistor, while pin 2 is connected to the negative side of a capacitor.

• The function of the optocoupler will be further analyzed in subsequent sections.

Connection of Optocoupler and Analysis

The speaker explores the connection of the optocoupler and analyzes its effect on the circuit.

Connection and Analysis of Optocoupler

• The speaker demonstrates how the optocoupler is connected to other components in the circuit.

• They mention that pin 1 of the optocoupler is connected to pin 1 of another coupler, which serves as an LED emitter.

• Pin 2 of the optocoupler is connected to a negative terminal, specifically from a capacitor.

• There seems to be an error in their initial diagram, which they correct during this analysis.

Correction in Diagram - Optocoupler Connection

The speaker realizes an error in their diagram regarding the connection of components and makes corrections.

Correction in Diagram

• The speaker notices an error in their previous diagram related to a specific capacitor's negative side connection.

• They make corrections by removing a line and adjusting connections accordingly.

Effect and Demonstration of Optocoupler

The speaker discusses and demonstrates how an optocoupler functions in the circuit.

Effect and Demonstration of Optocoupler

• The speaker attempts to demonstrate the effect of the optocoupler but mentions that it may not be visible due to simulation limitations.

• They explain that they used a LED diode and a photo transistor as an example since they couldn't use an actual optocoupler in the simulator.

• The speaker mentions that there is a slight change in current flow through the optocoupler, resulting in a flickering effect.

• They adjust resistor values to make the demonstration more visible.

Explanation of Flickering Effect

The speaker explains why there is a flickering effect and discusses the current flow through the optocoupler.

Explanation of Flickering Effect

• The flickering effect occurs due to pulsating current caused by using an AC power source without rectification.

• In this case, the negative terminal is directly connected to diodes, while the positive terminal comes from an AC input.

• As a result, the optocoupler receives pulsating current, leading to flickering behavior.

Timestamps are approximate and may vary slightly.

Colocando el valor correcto de 180

En este punto, se corrige el valor a 180.

Valor correcto de 180

• Se coloca el valor correcto de 180 para la configuración.

Comprobando la conexión del cátodo y resistor

Se verifica la conexión del cátodo y se comprueba un resistor.

Conexión del cátodo y resistor

• Se identifica el extremo del sender que es el cátodo.

• Se verifica la conexión del cátodo midiendo desde arriba.

• Se confirma que hay una medición de 300 en el resistor conectado al cátodo.

• El resistor está conectado a los 5 voltios de la fuente.

Identificando la ubicación exacta del resistor

Se busca determinar dónde va conectado exactamente el resistor.

Ubicación exacta del resistor

• Se busca en el diagrama para identificar dónde va conectado el resistor.

• Los 5 voltios van a las raíces y al resistor de 330 ohmios, lo cual activa al auto acoplador.

• El control de los 5 voltios también controla los 12 voltios ya que trabajan juntos.

Explorando la otra parte del optoacoplador

Se examina la otra parte del optoacoplador.

Otra parte del optoacoplador

• La otra parte del optoacoplador se encuentra en una esquina.

• Se identifican los pines del optoacoplador, siendo el 3 y 4 los de interés.

• El pin 3 es el emisor y se conecta a masa.

• Se sigue la línea desde el emisor hasta llegar al capacitor de los 5 voltios.

Descubriendo la conexión del colector

Se busca determinar hacia dónde va conectado el colector.

Conexión del colector

• Se sigue la línea más delgada que pasa por debajo de cierres y store.

• La línea llega a un resistor de 0 ohmios y continúa hasta llegar al microcontrolador.

• El resistor de un k conecta al pin número 28 del microcontrolador.

Corrigiendo valor incorrecto en el diagrama

Se corrige un error en el diagrama relacionado con el valor de un resistor.

Valor incorrecto en el diagrama

• Se descubre que hay un error en el diagrama donde se indica un resistor de 10k, pero debería ser uno de 20k.

• El resistor de 20k está conectado a los 5 voltios según lo indicado en el diagrama.

Identificando la conexión final del resistor

Se busca determinar hacia dónde va conectado finalmente el resistor.

Conexión final del resistor

• El pequeño resistor de un k llega hasta el pin número 28 del microcontrolador.

• Esto confirma la conexión correcta según lo indicado en el diagrama.

The summary has been provided in English as per the given instructions.

Sucede

This section discusses an issue that occurs in a circuit.

Issue with the Circuit

• The speaker mentions that there is a problem with the circuit.

• The exact nature of the issue is not specified.

Tenemos 5 voltios pero en el momento en que ese circuito funcione un momento en que aquí en el momento en que aquí yo uní los cables de la pista que está rota es lo que estoy haciendo por ahí suena porque lo estoy

This section discusses the voltage in the circuit and the impact of a broken track.

Voltage Measurement and Broken Track

• The speaker mentions that they have measured 5 volts in the circuit.

• They explain that when they connect the broken track, there is a sound indicating some activity.

• It is implied that connecting the broken track affects the functioning of the circuit.

Y ahí están los cables de la pista que estaba rota ven ahí ya tenemos el display encendido

This section highlights that connecting the broken track results in turning on the display.

Display Activation

• The speaker points out that after connecting the broken track, they can see that the display has turned on.

Verdad ahí tenemos el display encendido y ahora vamos a ir a medir de nuevas entonces me ubico aquí en la referencia tierra o a massa voy al pin 28 cuando tengo

In this section, new measurements are taken to further analyze the circuit.

New Measurements and Ground Reference

• The speaker mentions that they will take new measurements.

• They position themselves at the ground reference or mass.

• They indicate that they will measure pin 28.

2.9 voltios ay qué interesante no está directamente a masa pero si tenemos un pulso ya no son cinco son 2.9 sería interesante ir a verificar que tenemos sería muy interesante ir a verificar que tenemos

This section discusses the measurement of voltage and the need for further verification.

Voltage Measurement and Verification

• The speaker measures 2.9 volts.

• They find it interesting that the voltage is not directly connected to ground but still has a pulse.

• They express the importance of verifying what is causing this voltage reading.

En el otro entonces voy a dejar mi referencia más aquí debo ir a comprobar este va a ser masa por lo tanto hay cero y en este otro lado dos puntos disculpen este mal estoy mal referencia más aquí aquí vamos a tener cero y aquí 22.9 efectivamente

This section involves checking references and measuring voltages in different parts of the circuit.

Checking References and Measuring Voltages

• The speaker mentions leaving their reference point on one side to check another side.

• They confirm that one side reads zero volts, indicating it is connected to ground.

• On the other side, they measure 22.9 volts, confirming previous measurements.

Bien aquí queda demostrado lo que veníamos explicando cuando el otro comprador

This section concludes an explanation regarding previous observations in the circuit.

Conclusion of Explanation

• The speaker states that their previous explanations have been demonstrated through these measurements.

Detecta que tenemos energía de red le indica esto al microcontrolador que da el visto bueno para que esta tarjeta se sienta así que espero esto les sirva no solamente para reforzar conceptos para aprender los fundamentos de las fuentes no es no se trata de un curso exhaustivo pero traté de ser lo más

This section discusses the detection of power and its impact on the microcontroller.

Power Detection and Microcontroller

• The speaker explains that when the circuit detects power from the grid, it signals this to the microcontroller.

• This signal allows the microcontroller to give approval for the functioning of the card.

• They mention that their intention is not to provide an exhaustive course but rather to reinforce concepts and learn about power supply fundamentals.

Específico posible y de paso compartir con ustedes esta falla vean todo lo que ocasionó la rotura de una pista bueno ahí hay que hacer un buen trabajo soldadura reparar esa pista de manera muy profesional pero aquí queda demostrado en

This section emphasizes the importance of repairing a broken track in a professional manner.

Importance of Track Repair

• The speaker highlights that repairing a broken track requires good soldering work and professional repair techniques.

• They emphasize that this case demonstrates the significance of proper track repair.

Excelente como llegamos la conclusión de lo que estaba pasando con esta tarjeta de una manera muy precisa utilizando todo lo que teníamos la mano y ahora para concluir vamos hacer un repaso de los diagramas y de su funcionamiento

In this section, there is a conclusion regarding what was happening with the card, and a review of diagrams and their functioning is mentioned.

Conclusion and Diagram Review

• The speaker expresses satisfaction with reaching a precise conclusion about the issue with the card.

• They mention utilizing all available resources to reach this conclusion.

• They state that they will now proceed to review diagrams and their functioning.

Unos señores hemos llegado al final de este vídeo gracias por toda su paciencia si llegaste hasta hasta el final del vídeo te felicito estoy seguro de que todo lo que hemos analizado en este vídeo te va a servir en algún momento si eres amante de la electrónica y estás aprendiendo de ella espero que te vaya muy bien en este

This section marks the end of the video, expressing gratitude to viewers and offering encouragement for those interested in electronics.

Conclusion and Encouragement

• The speaker thanks viewers for their patience throughout the video.

• They congratulate those who have watched until the end, expressing confidence that the content analyzed in the video will be useful at some point.

• They offer well wishes to electronics enthusiasts who are learning about electronics.

[

People who love electronic music

This section discusses the topic of people who have a passion for electronic music.

People's love for electronic music

• Electronic music has a dedicated fan base of people who are passionate about it.

The provided transcript is in Spanish, so the notes will be in Spanish as well.