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RNA interference (RNAi) Animation || miRNA || siRNA || mRNA regulation
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RNA interference (RNAi) Animation || miRNA || siRNA || mRNA regulation

RNA Interference: An Overview

Introduction to RNAi

  • RNA interference (RNAi) is introduced, along with a historical context involving petunias.
  • Adding a gene for pigment enhancement unexpectedly resulted in less pigment in flowers.

Discovery of Gene Silencing

  • Researchers found that double-stranded RNA injection into C. elegans led to decreased gene expression.
  • This phenomenon was termed RNA interference (RNAi), crucial for gene silencing.

Mechanism of RNAi

  • RDRP creates double-stranded RNA in plants, leading to reduced pigment gene expression.
  • Two main types of RNA involved are microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA).

siRNA Functionality

  • Dicer enzyme cuts long dsRNA into short siRNAs, activating the RISC complex.
  • The guide strand of siRNA directs RISC to target mRNA for cleavage and gene silencing.

miRNA Processing

  • miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II and processed into pre-miRNAs before entering the cytoplasm.
Video description

#biologyanimation #RNAinterference #siRNA #miRNA This animation describes the history and discovery of RNAi along with a detailed gene silencing mechanism by mi RNA and si RNA. This also describes the processing of miRNA. Different mechanisms of mRNA regulations are mentions and explained in this animation. Gene silencing mechanisms of siRNA and miRNA. siRNA: dsRNA (either transcribed or artificially introduced) is processed by Dicer into siRNA which is loaded into the RISC. AGO2, which is a component of RISC, cleaves the passenger strand of siRNA. The guide strand then guides the active RISC to the target mRNA. The full complementary binding between the guide strand of siRNA and the target mRNA leads to the cleavage of mRNA. miRNA: Transcription of miRNA gene is carried out by RNA polymerase II in the nucleus to give pri-miRNA, which is then cleaved by Drosha to form pre-miRNA. The pre-miRNA is transported by Exportin 5 to the cytoplasm where it is processed by Dicer into miRNA. The miRNA is loaded into the RISC where the passenger strand is discarded, and the miRISC is guided by the remaining guide strand to the target mRNA through partially complementary binding. The target mRNA is inhibited via translational repression, degradation or cleavage.