OSSOS do PÉ: ANATOMIA para COLORIR

Anatomy of the Foot: Understanding the Bones

Introduction to the Course

• Professor Natalia Reineck introduces herself and the channel, emphasizing a focus on Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body.

• Viewers are encouraged to subscribe for updates on new videos and access exclusive content through social media links provided in the description.

• A course on the Skeletal System is in development, covering anatomy, physiology, and bone structures.

Overview of Foot Anatomy

• The lesson utilizes "Anatomy for Coloring" as a teaching resource to simplify learning about foot bones.

• The foot consists of 28 bones, including 7 Tarsal bones organized into proximal and distal groups.

Detailed Bone Structure

Tarsal Bones

• Proximal group includes calcaneus (heel bone) and talus; distal row comprises cuboid and three cuneiform bones.

Metatarsals and Phalanges

• Five metatarsal bones form the midfoot; phalanges consist of two in the big toe (proximal & distal) and three in other toes (proximal, middle & distal).

Sesame Bones

• Two sesame bones are located beneath the first metatarsal's head; these small bones play a role in foot mechanics.

Visualization Techniques

Painting Methodology

• The professor begins painting each bone for better visualization, starting with calcaneus followed by talus.

Distal Row Identification

• Cuboid bone is painted next; then three cuneiform bones are identified from a dorsal view for clarity.

Further Detailing of Bones

Navicular Bone

• The navicular bone is highlighted between proximal and distal rows; its visibility varies based on perspective views.

Metatarsals Description

• Metatarsals are painted yellow; their structure includes distinct heads (distal epiphysis) and bases (proximal epiphysis).

Phalanx Classification

Color-Coding Strategy

• Different colors are used to distinguish between proximal (red), middle (aqua green), and distal phalanxes (dark blue).

Conclusion: Arches of the Foot

Structural Insights

Anatomy of the Foot: Understanding Arches and Bones

Formation of Foot Arches

• The foot has two main arches: the longitudinal arch and the transverse arch.

• The longitudinal arch is formed by the posterior part of the calcaneus bone and the heads of five metatarsals, being higher on the medial edge than on the lateral edge.

• The transverse arch consists of the cuboid, cuneiform bones, and bases of metatarsals, crossing from one side of the foot to another.

Overview of Tarsal Bones

• The proximal tarsal bones include:

• Calcaneus (1): Also known as the heel bone.

• Talus (2): Positioned above the calcaneus.

• Navicular (3): Unique as it lies between proximal and distal rows of tarsal bones.

Cuneiforms and Cuboid Bone

• There are three cuneiform bones:

• Medial Cuneiform (4)

• Intermediate Cuneiform (4)

• Lateral Cuneiform (4)

• Additionally, there is a single cuboid bone (5), which plays a role in forming both arches.

Metatarsals and Phalanges

• The structure includes five metatarsals (6) that connect to toes.

• Each toe comprises phalanges:

• Proximal phalanges

• Distal phalanges for all toes; additionally, middle phalanges exist for other toes except for the big toe.

Visualizing Foot Structure

• A dorsal view is recommended for studying these bones effectively; however, viewing them from a plantar perspective can also be beneficial.

• Coloring exercises can aid in understanding spatial relationships among these bones.