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DITADURAS E TRABALHADORES l MARCELO D'AMBROSO RECEBE VALERIA BARBUTO (ARGENTINA) l AULA ABERTA 1
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DITADURAS E TRABALHADORES l MARCELO D'AMBROSO RECEBE VALERIA BARBUTO (ARGENTINA) l AULA ABERTA 1

Relationship between Convictions and Deaths

The speaker discusses the striking relationship between the number of convictions and deaths in Argentina during the dictatorship. They suggest that this issue may also exist in Brazil, referring to it as a problem of "biological impunity" due to delays in legal proceedings.

Magnitude of Cases and Investigations

  • There are 655 cases and 3,600 individuals being investigated related to human rights violations during the Argentine dictatorship.
  • The speaker mentions that these numbers can be found on the website of the Public Prosecutor's Office.
  • The process spans from 1976 to 1983, with some prior incidents before the official start of the dictatorship.
  • Different stages are identified: a stage of seeking truth, a stage of seeking justice, a stage of impunity where cases were not pursued, and a current stage focused on justice and memory as public policy.

Historical Stages after Dictatorship

The speaker explains the different stages Argentina went through after the dictatorship ended in 1983.

Historical Stages

  • After the dictatorship, Argentina went through various stages:
  • A stage focused on seeking truth
  • A stage focused on seeking justice
  • A stage marked by impunity where cases were not pursued
  • A recent stage where justice has been prioritized again, accompanied by collective memory as public policy.

Start of Dictatorship and Reorganization Process

The speaker provides information about when the Argentine dictatorship started and how it led to significant changes in power structures.

Start of Dictatorship

  • The Argentine dictatorship formally began on March 24th, 1976 when the military forces overthrew the constitutional government.
  • The Congress was dissolved, and a legislative advisory commission was established to directly appoint judges.
  • The judiciary no longer operated independently under the dictatorship's rule.

Central Elements of State Terrorism

The speaker discusses the central elements of state terrorism during the Argentine dictatorship.

Elements of State Terrorism

  • State terrorism in Argentina included forced disappearances as a central element.
  • Other crimes committed by the dictatorship included torture, murder, theft, political imprisonment, exile, and sexual violence.
  • The speaker mentions that there were similarities with Brazil's labor laws but based on Chinese legislation enacted in 1974.

Systematic Approach of Dictatorship

The speaker highlights how the dictatorship in Argentina implemented a systematic approach rather than random acts of violence.

Systematic Approach

  • The dictatorship implemented a systematic approach involving 126 detention centers and over 300 secret archives.
  • This organized system allowed for the execution of various crimes against humanity throughout the country.

Número de Causas y Personas Investigadas

Esta sección habla sobre el número de causas y personas investigadas en relación a los crímenes cometidos durante la dictadura argentina.

Magnitud de las Causas y Personas Investigadas

  • Hay un total de 3,671 personas siendo investigadas en distintas situaciones relacionadas con las causas.
  • Existe una llamativa relación entre el número de condenados y fallecidos, lo cual puede ser atribuido a la impunidad biológica que ocurre debido al paso del tiempo.

Etapas de la Dictadura Argentina

En esta sección se describen las etapas por las que pasó la dictadura argentina, desde su inicio hasta su finalización.

Etapas de la Dictadura

  • La dictadura argentina comenzó en 1976 y terminó en 1983.
  • Se pueden identificar tres etapas principales:
  • Búsqueda de verdad.
  • Búsqueda de justicia.
  • Impunidad y abandono de causas.
  • Actualmente, se ha retomado la senda de la justicia y la memoria como política pública.

Terrorismo de Estado en Argentina

En esta sección se analiza el terrorismo de estado en Argentina durante la dictadura, destacando similitudes y diferencias con otros países del cono sur.

Características del Terrorismo de Estado en Argentina

  • El terrorismo de estado en Argentina se basaba principalmente en la desaparición forzada de personas.
  • También se incluyeron otros crímenes como asesinatos, tortura, robo de bebés, prisión política, exilio y robo de bienes.
  • El país fue dividido en zonas militares con centros clandestinos de detención y tortura.

Silenciamiento y Terrorismo de Estado

En esta sección se explora el papel del silenciamiento en el terrorismo de estado argentino y cómo esto afectó la represión en el ámbito laboral.

Silenciamiento y Represión Laboral

  • El terrorismo de estado requiere tanto ocultamiento como cierto nivel de conocimiento público para generar terror.
  • En el ámbito laboral, la represión buscaba silenciar la realidad de lo que sucedía y al mismo tiempo mostrar cierta represión para desalentar la organización y movilización obrera.

Mantenimiento del Silencio

Esta sección aborda cómo el sistema de terrorismo de estado en Argentina mantenía una frontera entre lo que se decía y lo que no se decía para generar disciplinamiento social.

Mantenimiento del Silencio

  • El sistema de terrorismo de estado busca mantener una frontera entre lo que se dice y lo que no se dice.
  • Esto tiene como objetivo generar un cierto nivel de disciplinamiento social.

Afectos de este encuentro la dictadura

The speaker discusses the impact of the dictatorship in this meeting.

Dictatorship and its Effects

  • The speaker talks about the effects of the dictatorship.
  • The discussion revolves around the impact on victims and their rights.
  • There is a mention of a government program aimed at addressing the issues related to the dictatorship.

Registro de víctimas y limitación de derechos laborales

The speaker discusses the registration of victims and limitations on labor rights.

Victims and Labor Rights

  • There is a mention of a registry for victims in relation to work-related situations.
  • The speaker highlights the limitation of labor rights, including union affiliation.
  • The first democratic government that took office in 1983 had clear plans regarding addressing these issues.

Comisión Nacional sobre desaparición forzada de personas (CONADEP)

The speaker talks about CONADEP, which was responsible for investigating forced disappearances during the dictatorship.

CONADEP and Investigation

  • The government established CONADEP to investigate forced disappearances during the dictatorship.
  • It was formed by recognized individuals selected by the President.
  • CONADEP conducted investigations in various provinces, consulates, embassies, and alleged clandestine detention centers.

Comisión de la Verdad y su mandato

The speaker discusses the Truth Commission and its mandate to clarify tragic events related to disappearances.

Truth Commission's Mandate

  • The Truth Commission was created in 1983 with a mandate to clarify thousands of disappearances.
  • The Commission, formed by public figures selected by the President, conducted investigations in 15 provinces and visited alleged clandestine detention centers.
  • However, the speaker mentions that the Truth Commission did not delve into specific cases related to labor issues or corporate responsibilities.

Recognition of Victims and Some Investigations

The speaker discusses the recognition of victims and some investigations related to labor issues.

Recognition of Victims and Investigations

  • There is recognition of victims as workers.
  • Some investigations were conducted regarding disappearances in specific places like Mercedes Benz and Ingenio Ledesma.
  • However, there was no deep investigation into labor-related issues or corporate responsibilities.

Focus on Recognizing General Responsibilities

The speaker highlights the focus on recognizing general responsibilities rather than specific cases.

Focus on General Responsibilities

  • The main focus at that time was differentiating between democracy and authoritarianism.
  • There were debates about whether the military's actions were terrorism or isolated crimes.
  • The emphasis was on recognizing general responsibilities for a planned and systematic system executed by the armed forces.

Trial of the Juntas

The speaker discusses the trial of the military juntas responsible for human rights violations during the dictatorship.

Trial of Juntas

  • In 1985, a trial took place involving high-ranking military officials from the juntas.
  • The trial aimed to hold them accountable for their actions.
  • Testimonies included references to violations against workers in factories such as Mercedes Benz, Ford Motors, and Ingenio Ledesma.

Crimes Proven in Mega Trial

The speaker talks about crimes proven during a mega trial against the military juntas.

Crimes Proven in Mega Trial

  • The focus of the trial was to prove the existence of a systematic plan executed by the armed forces.
  • Around 709 cases were proven, including crimes such as illegal detention, torture, murder, robbery, and more.
  • The speaker mentions that these cases were paradigmatic examples of what happened in public settings.

Debate on Responsibility

The speaker discusses the debate surrounding responsibility during the trial.

Debate on Responsibility

  • There was a debate about how far to extend responsibility.
  • The focus remained on holding the armed forces and security forces accountable.
  • Economic consequences and restructuring were not extensively discussed during this trial.

Desaparecidos y Consecuencias Económicas New Section

This section discusses the consequences of disappearances and their economic impact.

Consequences of Disappearances

  • The consequences of disappearances affect everyone, both emotionally and economically.
  • The economic consequences are widespread and affect the entire population.

Impact on Economy

  • The economic impact is significant and has far-reaching effects.
  • There is a discussion about the economic repercussions of disappearances.

Globalization and God

  • The topic shifts to discussing globalization and its connection to God.
  • A brief mention is made about addressing globalization and God as separate topics.

Conclusion

  • The section concludes with music playing in the background. No additional information is provided in this segment.

Globalización y Dios New Section

This section explores the relationship between globalization and religion.

Connection between Globalization and Religion

  • There is a discussion about the connection between globalization and religion.
  • Music plays in the background during this segment.

Conclusion

  • The section concludes with music playing in the background. No additional information is provided in this segment.

Due to limited content available from the transcript, some sections may be shorter or contain less information than others.

Video description

Aula com a professsora convidada Dra. Valeria Barbuto (Argentina): "Ditaduras e trabalhadores: a transcendência das memórias sociais da repressão no presente" Os temas exploram a história e a atualidade do trabalho no Brasil a partir da sua relação com o contexto internacional: História do Direito do Trabalho e do Contrato de Trabalho: as origens do contrato laboral; Globalização e desproteção do trabalho; Teoria Crítica e Direitos Humanos do Trabalho; Proteção laboral e as novas formas de trabalho e renda; Negociação coletiva e relações de trabalho: os desafios em tempos de globalização e revolução infodigital; Direito do Trabalho contemporâneo comparado: a centralidade do trabalho na pessoa. Leitura recomendada para a aula: Argentina. Defensoría del Pueblo. (2023). Dossier Especial Memoria, Verdad y Justicia. Buenos Aires: Defensoría del Pueblo. Disponível em: https://defensoria.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/dossier-_memoria_verdad_justicia_web.pdf. Barbuto, Valeria. (2012). Los sitios de memoria en la agenda de la democracia. Red Universitaria sobre Derechos Humanos y Democratización para América Latina, Ano 2 (nº.3), Abril de 2012. Disponível em: https://historiapolitica.com/datos/biblioteca/antropo_barbuto.pdf. Barbuto, Valeria. (2004). Treinta años del golpe de Estado. Disponível em: https://www.cels.org.ar/common/documentos/ia2007_debates_barbuto.pdf. Magalhães, Juliana Paula; Luiz Felipe Osório. (2023). Brasil sob escombros: desafios do governo Lula para reconstruir o país. São Paulo: Boitempo. Mascaro, Alysson Leandro B. (2023). Brasil 2023: margens de golpes e lutas. Rede Brasil Atual, São Paulo, 29 de abril de 2023. Mascaro, Alysson Leandro B. (2022). Crítica do fascismo. São Paulo: Boitempo. Disponível em: https://www.literaturajuridica.com/livros-de-direito/critica-do-fascismo/. Vitagliano, Luís Fernando. Reforma do ensino médio e fascismo. Democracia e Socialismo, São Paulo, 20 de março de 2023. Disponível em: https://democraciasocialista.org.br/reforma-do-ensino-medio-e-fascismo-luis-fernando-vitagliano/. Para assistir: Tavares, Camilo. O dia que durou 21 anos. (2012). [DVD]. Brasil: Pequi Filmes. Disponível em: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ajnWz4d1P4. Mader, Roberto. Condor. (2007). [DVD]. Brasil: Taba Filmes – Focus Filmes. Disponível em: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0C3bHr92HU&t=24s #lula #catedra #aula Inscreva-se agora em nosso canal: https://bit.ly/ILulaYouTube Ative o sininho para receber as novidades do Instituto Lula na tela do seu celular! ____________________________________________________________ O Instituto Lula foi criado em 2011 para ampliar, preservar e dar continuidade ao trabalho político de Lula, fomentar debates e pesquisas, além de manter a cooperação entre Brasil, África e América Latina.