CAPT 04 4 Modelo de costo total de transporte PARTE II v2 0

Introduction to Supply Chain Logistics

Overview of the Course

• Adolfo Carreño welcomes participants to the logistics and supply chain course, continuing from a previous tutorial.

• The focus is on two scenarios faced by supply chain managers when selecting a carrier for transporting goods.

Case 1: Complete Logistic Unit

• When the load completes a logistic unit (e.g., filling a container), cost analysis is straightforward, involving simple arithmetic sums and total cost comparisons.

• If the load does not complete a logistic unit, it becomes consolidated cargo. The manager must determine if charges are based on weight or volume.

Cost Analysis Example

• A scenario is presented where two 40-foot containers need transport from Hong Kong to Callao, with quotes from DHL and Panina.

• DHL's quote includes variable costs ($2,400 per container) and fixed costs ($100 for handling and $35 for purchase order management).

Total Cost Calculation

• Total cost for DHL calculated as follows:

• Variable cost: $2,400 x 2 = $4,800

• Fixed costs: $100 + $35 = $135

• Total: $4,800 + $135 = $4,935.

• Panina's quote has a variable cost of $2,200 per container leading to:

• Variable cost: $2,200 x 2 = $4,400

• Fixed costs: $150 + $30 = $180

• Total: $4,580.

Selection of Carrier

• The selected carrier is Panina due to its lower total cost of $4,580 compared to DHL’s $4,935.

Case 2: Consolidated Cargo Transport

Complexity in Cost Analysis

• In this case where cargo does not complete a logistic unit (consolidated cargo), the analysis becomes more complex.

New Scenario Description

• Two quotes are received for transporting 40 motors from Livorno to Callao via maritime transport.

Understanding Weight vs. Volume Charges

• Ocean Freight provides a quote based on €39 per ton/m³. This indicates that charges will depend on either actual weight or volumetric weight converted using specific factors.

Critical Variables in Pricing

• Managers must understand whether they will be charged based on actual weight or volume transformed into weight using conversion factors relevant to maritime transport (1 ton per m³).

Conversion Factors Explained

• Maritime transport uses 1 ton/m³ as its conversion factor.

• Air freight uses 166 kg/m³, while road transport uses 0.5 tons/m³.

This structured approach allows participants to grasp essential concepts in logistics and supply chain management effectively while providing direct references back to specific timestamps in the video content.

Understanding Freight Costs and Weight Calculations

Key Concepts in Freight Costing

• The importance of knowing both the balance weight and volumetric weight (also known as equivalent weight) is emphasized for accurate freight costing.

• Specific charges are outlined: for loads under 3 m³, a per-ton charge applies; for larger loads, a cubic meter rate is used alongside a fixed fee for unloading.

• Different agents provide varying quotes; Ocean Freight charges $65 per ton or cubic meter, while Freeway offers €32 per ton/m³, indicating the need to consider conversion factors.

Logistics Data Consideration

• When transporting motors weighing 125 kg each with a volume of 0.12 m³, it’s crucial to calculate total weight and volume accurately to determine the best shipping quote.

• Total weight calculation involves converting kilograms to tons (5 tons total), while total volume calculation results in 4.8 m³ when considering all motors.

Understanding Volumetric Weight

• The concept of volumetric or equivalent weight is introduced, calculated by multiplying volume by a conversion factor (1 ton/m³).

• For this shipment, the volumetric weight equals 4.8 tons based on the provided dimensions and conversion factor.

Determining Shipping Charges

• The transport company will weigh the cargo and measure its volume; they will charge based on whichever is greater—actual weight or volumetric equivalent.

• In this case, since actual weight (5 tons) exceeds volumetric weight (4.8 tons), charges will be based on the actual weight.

Analyzing Quotes from Agents

• A systematic approach to analyzing different freight quotes begins with understanding logistical data before comparing costs from various agents.

• The analysis includes calculating costs using exchange rates for currencies involved in quotes from different agents like Ocean Freight.

Currency Conversion Insights

• Establishing currency exchange rates is essential; €1 equals $1.2 and S/3.3 equals $1 are noted as critical figures for cost calculations.

• The maritime freight cost of €39 per cubic meter must be converted into dollars before applying it against the total cargo weight during calculations.

This structured overview captures key insights regarding freight costs, logistics considerations, and necessary calculations that impact shipping decisions effectively.

Cost Analysis of Freight Services

Overview of Costs for Ocean Freight

• The initial cost for freight is set at $234, which will be paid for Flit. Additional costs include unloading and deconsolidation expenses.

• For loads exceeding 3 m³, the unloading cost is calculated at $35 per cubic meter with a minimum charge of $100. Given a load of 4.8 m³, the unloading cost totals to $168.

• The fixed deconsolidation fee is 90 soles, which converts to approximately $27.2 when divided by the conversion rate of 3.3.

• The total cost for Ocean Freight sums up to $429.2 after adding freight ($234), unloading ($168), and deconsolidation ($27.2).

Cost Breakdown for Freeway

• Freeway quotes maritime freight at €32 per ton/m³, requiring conversion to dollars using an established factor since the cargo weight is 5 tons.

• After conversion, the freight cost amounts to $210 (calculated as €32 * 1.2 * 5 tons).

• An additional handling fee of 112 soles translates to about $33.9 after converting from soles to dollars (112 / 3.3).

Additional Charges and Total Calculation for Freeway

• Unloading charges are set at $65 per ton/m³; thus, with a weight of 5 tons, this results in an additional charge of $325.

• Deconsolidation costs are calculated at 70 soles per ton/m³; converting this gives a total expense related to deconsolidation that needs further calculation based on weight.

Final Cost Comparison: Ocean Freight vs Freeway

• The overall costs tally up as follows: Ocean Freight totals approximately $429.2 while Freeway reaches around $674.9 when all charges are included.

• It’s emphasized that local expenses can sometimes exceed international transport costs; hence it's crucial for managers to consider total end-to-end costs when selecting carriers.

This structured analysis provides clarity on the financial implications associated with choosing between different freight services while highlighting critical calculations and considerations involved in logistics management.