Vídeo 2

Understanding AI in Education: Opportunities and Risks

Introduction to Decision-Making Framework

• The discussion begins with a focus on the decision-making framework regarding AI in education, emphasizing the importance of understanding both opportunities and risks before implementation.

Importance of Ethical Considerations

• It is highlighted that ethical considerations should precede discussions about opportunities, as there are numerous potential benefits from AI tools for educators.

Historical Context of AI Development

• The speaker notes that generative AI tools are not new; rather, they are part of a broader 70-year history of artificial intelligence development, including natural language processing and computer vision technologies.

Expanding Beyond Generative Tools

• Educators are encouraged to explore various AI applications beyond generative tools, such as assessment and correction tools, which can enhance educational practices. However, caution is advised regarding their use due to potential high-risk factors.

Training and Automation Tools

• The conversation touches on using AI for team training and automating routine tasks as areas where significant advancements can be made in education. These applications may help optimize learning experiences but come with inherent risks.

Identifying Risks Associated with AI Usage

Privacy Concerns

• A major risk identified is related to privacy and data protection; even without personal identifiers like names, data can still lead to identification under regulations like GDPR. This highlights the need for careful handling of student information.

Surveillance Issues

• There are concerns about surveillance risks associated with using AI in educational settings, where monitoring could lead to unwanted commercial offers or breaches of privacy rights.

Biases in Data Processing

• The impact of biases within AI systems is discussed extensively; reliance on filtered information can skew perceptions and reinforce existing biases among users when interacting with these technologies.

Social Disconnection Effects

• The speaker warns about social disconnection resulting from over-reliance on technology for communication or support instead of engaging with peers or mentors directly, which could hinder interpersonal skills development.

Implications for Educational Practices

Human Capacity Impact

• There’s an emphasis on how excessive trust in inaccurate data processed by AI can lead to flawed conclusions or decisions within educational contexts—highlighting the need for critical evaluation skills among educators and students alike.

Copyright Issues

• Finally, the discussion addresses copyright concerns when utilizing published materials within AI frameworks; educators must ensure they have proper permissions before adapting content through these technologies to avoid legal repercussions.

Intellectual Property and the Commercialization of Education

The Role of Intellectual Property in Education

• The speaker discusses the importance of intellectual property rights, emphasizing that a student's work belongs to them and should not be given to third parties without consent.

• Highlights the ethical implications of commercializing education, suggesting that while many services appear free, they often come with hidden costs.

The Cost of Free Services

• A quote from Víctor Salgado is mentioned: "If you are not the customer, you are the product," indicating that users pay either with money or data.

• The speaker notes that users can end up paying in multiple ways for seemingly free services, raising concerns about exploitation.

Digital Divide and Its Implications

• Discusses the digital divide as a significant issue separating those with access to technology from those without, particularly affecting students.

• Points out environmental costs associated with technology use in education and warns against potential manipulation by entities aware of individuals' vulnerabilities.

The Impact of AI on Learning Processes

AI's Role in Educational Tasks

• Describes a cycle where tasks generated by teachers using AI are completed by students also utilizing AI, leading to no real learning taking place.

• Emphasizes that this reliance on AI for task generation and evaluation results in a lack of critical thinking among both students and educators.

Professional Development Concerns

• Argues that professional development for educators should focus on cognitive processes rather than just time spent teaching; true learning comes from reflection.

• Stresses the need for educators to engage deeply with their content and pedagogical strategies rather than relying solely on AI tools.

Integrating AI Responsibly into Education

Importance of Thoughtful Integration

• Asserts that if tasks can be done by AI, it raises questions about the necessity of human involvement in those tasks.

• Concludes that critical thinking is essential in education and cannot be replaced by artificial intelligence.

Educator Training and Regulation Needs

• Advocates for comprehensive training for both students and educators regarding AI literacy, stressing its importance beyond superficial understanding.

• Calls for proactive regulation surrounding educational technologies to ensure ethical practices while acknowledging regulatory measures often lag behind technological advancements.

Ethics and Normative Framework in Education

Ethical Considerations

• Highlights various ethical aspects such as data protection, personal privacy, and responsible decision-making within educational contexts.

Transitioning to Regulatory Discussions

• Introduces Tina as an expert who will delve into more complex regulatory frameworks governing educational practices.

Understanding the Implementation of AI in Administration

Importance of Data Regulation and AI Normativization

• The implementation of AI systems in administration requires passing through multiple filters, highlighting the importance of regulatory frameworks that often lag behind technological advancements.

• Data generated from various activities (writing, searching online, etc.) is captured and digitalized, raising questions about data ownership and privacy.

• Users on the internet are both clients and products; their digital footprints allow for predictive analytics aimed at influencing personal lives.

The Role of Data in Modern Society

• Recognizing data as "the oil of the 21st century," it is emphasized that administrative bodies must adapt to manage vast amounts of data effectively.

• The Galician government aims to enhance societal resources through a strategic approach to artificial intelligence by 2030.

Strategic Framework for AI Development

• The "Galician Strategy for Artificial Intelligence 2030" was created to leverage abundant data and processing capabilities while ensuring citizen rights are respected.

• This strategy is designed to be transversal, impacting various sectors including education, economy, ethics, law, politics, and social aspects.

Economic Implications of AI Integration

• The strategy predates European regulations on AI but aligns with them; it focuses on enhancing productivity across economic activities through effective application of AI technologies.

• Special emphasis is placed on supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which form a significant part of the local economy.

Educational Reforms for Future Workforce

• Education must evolve alongside economic changes; new educational methodologies are necessary to prepare individuals for careers involving AI technologies.

• It’s crucial that all students gain foundational knowledge about working with AI tools to ensure they can navigate future job markets successfully.

Ethical Considerations in AI Deployment

• There is a pressing need for ethical guidelines regarding biases inherent in AI systems used across various sectors such as healthcare and education.

• Training programs should address potential biases in algorithms to prevent harmful outcomes when implementing these technologies in real-world scenarios.

Legal Framework Surrounding Autonomous Systems

• Discussions around legal accountability arise concerning incidents involving autonomous vehicles powered by AI technology.

Responsibility and Regulation in AI

Understanding Accountability in AI-Driven Decisions

• The discussion revolves around determining responsibility in the event of accidents involving AI systems, highlighting the need for legal frameworks to address these issues.

• A specific example is given regarding medical protocols where a doctor may rely on an AI system's assessment of a radiograph, raising questions about accountability if the AI makes an error.

• The challenge lies in establishing who is liable: the medical professional or the AI system, especially when decisions deviate from established protocols. This reflects broader societal concerns about trust and reliance on technology.

Legal Framework and Public Awareness

• There is a push for comprehensive regulations at both political and social levels to ensure that society understands how to interact with AI technologies without fear or misinformation.

• The aim is to equip citizens with knowledge about AI, emphasizing that not all information provided by devices should be taken at face value as accurate. This addresses prevalent misconceptions among the public.

Strategic Goals for Galicia's AI Development

Key Objectives of Galicia's Strategy

• The strategy includes four main axes: promoting intelligent regions, fostering talent and competencies in AI throughout life, strategic adoption of AI across society, and aligning AI development with economic needs. Each axis has specific goals aimed at enhancing regional capabilities in Europe.

Focus Areas within Each Axis

1. Intelligent Region: Ensuring strategic decision-making related to IA development impacts society positively while positioning Galicia competitively within Europe. This involves implementing new legal frameworks like Law 2/2025 which provides tools for administration-level implementation of strategies.

2. Talent Development: Emphasizing education across all stages to create a well-informed society capable of engaging with IA effectively—from basic skills to advanced qualifications necessary for specialized roles in technology sectors.

3. Strategic Adoption: Aiming to improve efficiency and personalization of public services through data-driven approaches while ensuring that data used is unbiased and serves societal needs effectively—particularly relevant in healthcare and justice sectors.

4. Economic Alignment: Fostering research capabilities that meet both public sector demands and private sector innovation needs, ensuring that IA solutions are tailored specifically for local economic contexts while maximizing their effectiveness within Galician society as a whole.

Educational Initiatives for Future Generations

Integrating IA into Education Systems

• A significant focus is placed on creating educational pathways that incorporate IA across various subjects rather than treating it as a standalone topic; this aims for a holistic understanding among students throughout their educational journey from early schooling onwards.

• Establishing expert groups tasked with designing roadmaps for integrating digital education laws into curricula ensures educators are equipped to teach future generations about intelligent systems effectively, thus preparing them better for technological advancements ahead.

This structured approach aims not only at immediate improvements but also long-term cultural shifts towards embracing technology responsibly within Galician communities.