🥇 Anatomía del RIÑÓN (2/2). ¡Fácil Explicación!.

Anatomy of the Kidney: Internal Structure

Introduction to Kidney Anatomy

• The video is presented by Juan José Sánchez, focusing on the second part of kidney anatomy.

• Viewers are encouraged to watch a previous video on renal arteries and veins for better understanding.

Internal Structure Overview

• Discussion begins with the internal structure of the kidney, emphasizing a general overview rather than histological details.

• The renal capsule is identified as the outermost layer, which can be difficult to separate from a diseased kidney.

Cortex and Medulla

• The kidney consists of two main structures: the cortex (outer layer) and medulla (inner pyramidal structures).

• Renal septa, previously known as Bertin septa, separate cortical parts between medullary structures.

Renal Pyramids

• Each kidney typically contains 10 to 12 renal pyramids, which were formerly referred to as Malpighian pyramids.

• The apex of each pyramid leads into minor calyces where urine collection occurs.

Urine Collection System

• The papilla at the tip of each pyramid connects with collecting ducts that transport urine to minor calyces.

• There may be up to 500 collecting tubules per kidney that perforate through the renal papilla.

Cribriform Area and Lobular Development

• The cribriform area refers to the sieve-like appearance at the papilla where collecting tubules exit into minor calyces.

Understanding the Renal Pedicle and Sinus

Overview of Kidney Anatomy

• The discussion begins with an exploration of kidney anatomy, specifically focusing on the renal pedicle and renal sinus.

• Viewers are encouraged to subscribe for more content related to kidney anatomy, including videos on adrenal glands and ureters.

Renal Pedicle Components

• The renal pedicle is defined as the area where structures enter or exit the kidney, primarily consisting of lymphatics and nerves.

• A classic triad associated with the renal pedicle includes:

• Renal Vein: Most anterior structure.

• Renal Pelvis: Often misnamed; correctly referred to as the pelvis of the ureter.

• Renal Artery: Located posteriorly with variable terminal branches.

Structure of the Renal Sinus

• The hilum serves as an entry point into the kidney, leading to a recess known as the renal sinus, which is lined by a renal capsule.

• Within the renal sinus, adipose tissue (perirenal tissue) is present alongside structures like the renal pelvis.

Functionality of Renal Pelvis

• The renal pelvis has a funnel shape that collects urine produced by kidneys before it travels through ureters to reach the bladder.

• It consists of two portions:

• Intrarenal Portion: Inside the renal sinus.

• Extrarenal Portion: Outside of it.

Anatomical Features of Renal Pelvis

• The base of the renal pelvis faces into the sinus where major calyces empty their contents.

Understanding the Structure of the Kidney's Calyx System

Major and Minor Calyxes Overview

• The kidney's calyx system consists of an upper major calyx, a middle major calyx, and a lower major calyx. Each has distinct orientations and drainage functions.

• The upper major calyx drains four to five minor calyxes from the upper portion of the kidney, while the middle major calyx typically drains two to three minor calyxes from its horizontal position.

• The lower major calyx is oriented obliquely upward and drains three to four minor calyxes from the lower portion of the kidney.

• There are approximately 7 to 14 minor calyxes in each kidney, which connect distally to proximally with the major calyces.