La influencia china en la FAO - DW Documental
The Plague of Locusts in Africa
Overview of the Locust Crisis
- A massive swarm of locusts descends on parts of Africa from 2019 to 2021, devastating crops and threatening food security.
- Farmers struggle to protect their harvests as the locusts consume fields at an alarming rate.
- The UN provides insecticides to combat the plague, but other pesticides approved by the same organization are also arriving in Africa.
Impact of Pesticides
- Some pesticides are not intended for use against locusts or similar disasters, raising concerns about their appropriateness.
- There is a significant increase in pesticide poisoning cases; one-fourth of patients have died over the last three years.
Changes within the FAO
Investigating FAO's Role
- The documentary explores how the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is evolving under external pressures.
- An insider suggests that China may be using the FAO for its geopolitical interests, indicating a shift in priorities.
Insider Testimony
- An anonymous informant from within the FAO expresses concerns about China's influence on organizational decisions.
- The informant risks their job to share insights about changes since China's involvement began.
Core Missions and Concerns
FAO's Objectives
- The primary mission of the FAO is to combat hunger through sustainable agricultural practices and plant protection standards.
- It develops strategies for agriculture and food security, primarily advising countries in the Global South.
Personal Motivation
- The informant joined FAO with hopes of contributing positively to global development through agriculture and nutrition.
Structure and Funding of FAO
Organizational Background
- With over 3,000 employees, the FAO is one of the largest specialized agencies within the UN system, comprising 194 member states plus the EU.
Financial Contributions
- Germany significantly funds FAO operations, contributing over $100 million in 2021 alone.
Leadership Changes at FAO
Chu Dong-yu's Appointment
- Concerns arise regarding Chu Dong-yu’s leadership since he became Director-General after being elected amid unusual circumstances.
Election Dynamics
- In June 2019, five candidates competed for leadership; political maneuvering led to unexpected outcomes during voting processes.
China's Strategic Interests
Importance of Nutrition
- China prioritizes nutrition as essential for internal stability due to historical famines that shaped its policies on food security.
Geopolitical Maneuvering
- The Chinese government reportedly uses its influence within organizations like FAO to direct funding towards projects aligned with its national interests.
Specific Projects Linked to China
Project Examples
- A vaccination project for livestock in Laos funded by China's Ministry of Agriculture aligns with broader initiatives like One Belt, One Road.
Conclusion: Implications for Global Governance
- These developments suggest a reconfiguration of international relations where China seeks greater centrality through strategic investments in global organizations like FAO.
The Impact of China's Railway on Laos and Global Influence
Development of the Railway
- Inaugurated in 2021, the railway spans approximately 400 kilometers, allowing travel from Vientiane to the Chinese border in under four hours.
- The railway facilitates easier transport of people, grains, raw materials, and livestock from neighboring countries to China; however, it has led to significant debt for Laos.
China's Strategic Expansion
- China is actively working to expand its global influence, including within UN organizations like the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization).
- Chinese officials at the FAO are often referred to as "spies," funded by their respective state members.
Control Over Chinese Officials
- Some Chinese officials receive funding from the China Scholarship Council and must adhere to strict political ideology controls.
- Applicants for positions are required to undergo patriotic education training and report regularly to the Chinese embassy.
Influence Within FAO
- Jean-Jacques Gavard highlights that many FAO staff are funded through state resources, with a notable presence of Chinese advisors influencing discussions.
- These advisors contribute knowledge and analysis that shape narratives within the organization without transparency.
Leadership Changes at FAO
Organizational Structure
- An organizational chart reveals a significant increase in Chinese directors at FAO since Chu took office; there were two initially but now six.
- Xia Qingyuan is one newly appointed director responsible for pesticides at FAO since 2021.
Concerns About Pesticide Use
- Former official Hans Dreyer expresses shock over toxic pesticide shipments authorized by FAO between 2020 and 2023.
- Licenses were issued for dangerous substances used in projects across developing nations despite their toxicity.
Health Risks Associated with Pesticides
Toxicity Issues
- Tiram is frequently supplied fungicide prohibited in Europe but authorized by FAO for numerous countries in the Global South.
- Experts warn against using hazardous chemicals by small farmers who lack proper training or access to protective equipment.
Real-Life Consequences
- Small farmers in Zambia mix various pesticides without adequate protection measures leading to severe health risks.
- Reports indicate a rising number of pesticide poisoning cases in hospitals across Africa, highlighting a public health crisis linked to agricultural practices.
Controversial Practices of FAO
Approval of Dangerous Chemicals
- The approval of highly toxic pesticides like Paraquat raises ethical questions about FAO's role amidst high rates of poisoning among farmers.
Statistical Insights on Poisoning Cases
- A study shows alarming statistics: around 115 million annual cases of pesticide poisoning occur in Africa despite lower pesticide usage compared to other regions.
The Role of International Initiatives
Commitment vs. Reality
- Despite claims about reducing dependency on pesticides, FAO remains unresponsive regarding specific inquiries about harmful products used locally.
Partnerships with Corporations
- In September 2019, Chu initiated partnerships with major agribusiness companies during a breakfast meeting at the UN General Assembly.
- The "Hand-in-Hand Initiative" aims to connect developing countries with investors while reflecting China's mutual benefit approach towards development assistance.
La Iniciativa Mano de la Mano y su Impacto en Santo Tomé y Príncipe
Introducción a la Iniciativa
- El director general Chu ha priorizado la iniciativa "Mano de la mano" como un proyecto clave para transformar los sistemas agroalimentarios, erradicar la pobreza, el hambre y reducir desigualdades.
Proyectos de Inversión Presentados
- Durante el evento, se presentan proyectos de inversión por parte de varios países, incluyendo Santo Tomé y Príncipe, que busca atraer inversiones en sectores como pesca y turismo.
Desafíos en el Sector Pesquero
- Se observa que los proyectos propuestos incluyen mejoras en infraestructura pesquera. Sin embargo, hay preocupaciones sobre intereses divergentes entre inversionistas y necesidades locales.
- Los pescadores enfrentan condiciones difíciles con botes viejos; las capturas han disminuido significativamente debido a prácticas pesqueras no sostenibles.
Modernización del Sector Pesquero
- La FAO apoya un proyecto para modernizar la flota pesquera con barcos de fibra de vidrio equipados con motores, permitiendo a los pescadores acceder a aguas más profundas.
Escepticismo Local hacia Nuevos Proyectos
- En Neves, los residentes expresan escepticismo sobre las promesas de desarrollo turístico; mencionan experiencias pasadas donde muchos proyectos no se concretaron.
- Existe una desconfianza generalizada respecto a si realmente se beneficiarán del desarrollo portuario anunciado.
Influencia Geopolítica y Económica
Intereses Chinos en Santo Tomé y Príncipe
- La construcción de puertos no es nueva; China había planeado un puerto costoso anteriormente. Esto refleja un interés estratégico por parte del país asiático en esta región.
Ruta de la Seda y Proyectos Internacionales
- Santo Tomé se une a iniciativas chinas como la Ruta de la Seda, lo que indica su creciente importancia geopolítica para China.
Análisis Crítico del Proyecto FAO
- Expertos sugieren que el documento de inversión podría estar alineado con objetivos estratégicos chinos más que con el bienestar local.
Implicaciones para la FAO
Asociación Controvertida con CropLife
- La FAO establece asociaciones estratégicas con empresas agroquímicas como CropLife, lo cual plantea preguntas sobre su imparcialidad e integridad como mediador internacional.
Cambios en Políticas Agrícolas
- Estas asociaciones limitan el papel neutral tradicionalmente desempeñado por la FAO al debatir riesgos asociados con pesticidas.
Futuro Político y Control Chino
Elecciones en la FAO
- Con las próximas elecciones para director general programadas, hay preocupación sobre si habrá alternativas viables al liderazgo actual dominado por China.
Perspectivas Globales
- Las decisiones futuras dependerán del interés global hacia las políticas agrícolas promovidas por la FAO y cómo otros países respondan ante el aumento potencial de influencia china.