دروس عين نهاية الدولة السعودية الثانية – تاريخ– الثانوي إنساني

The End of the Second Saudi State

Introduction to the Topic

• The lesson focuses on the end of the Second Saudi State, specifically following the death of Imam Faisal bin Turki in 1282 AH.

Succession and Internal Conflict

• After Faisal's death, a significant power struggle arose among his sons, particularly between Abdullah bin Faisal and Saud bin Faisal. Abdullah became the ruler due to being the eldest.

• Saud bin Faisal left Riyadh for southern regions to gather support against his brother Abdullah after just one year of Abdullah's rule. This led to further conflict between them.

Key Battles Between Brothers

• Several battles occurred between Abdullah and Saud, including:

• Battle of Al-Mutala: Fought in 1284 AH, where Abdullah emerged victorious over Saud.

• Battle of Joudah: In 1287 AH, this fierce battle saw Saud defeat Abdullah and capture Al-Ahsa before heading back to Riyadh.

Continued Struggles for Power

• Both brothers alternated control over Riyadh but struggled with external influences as local leaders took sides in their conflicts. They sought external assistance to strengthen their positions.

• The internal strife weakened the state significantly, leading to loss of territory and influence under both rulers' reigns until Saud's death around 1191 AH allowed Abdullah to regain control temporarily.

Decline of Authority

• Following these events, Abdullah’s authority diminished; he could only maintain control over nearby towns rather than a broader region due to ongoing conflicts and weakened military strength from internal disputes.

Emergence of New Challenges

• As tensions persisted within ruling families, descendants of Saud bin Faisal attempted to reclaim power by taking control in Riyadh around 1305 AH but faced strong opposition from Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman al-Rashid from Hail who aimed at reasserting dominance over Najd regions.

Final Confrontations

• Muhammad al-Rashid mobilized forces against the new rulers in Riyadh after they had taken it back but was met with resistance that forced them out into Al-Kharj before eventually returning again later on in 1307 AH when political dynamics shifted once more with various leadership changes occurring rapidly thereafter.

The Struggle for Control of Riyadh

The Initial Conflict and Agreement

• عبد الرحمن الفيصل attempted to support the people of Qassim but retreated to Riyadh upon learning of Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Rashid's victory. This marked a significant moment in the power struggle.

• An agreement was reached after skirmishes, designating Imam Abdul Rahman bin Faisal as the Imam of Riyadh while securing the release of Salem bin Subhan, who had been appointed governor by Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Rashid.

• Following this agreement, Abdul Rahman learned about Muhammad's decisive victory over Qassim at the Battle of Al-Mulaydah, which intensified his precarious position.

The Shift in Power Dynamics

• The control over Riyadh shifted dramatically when Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Rashid launched an attack against Abdul Rahman at Harimla, culminating in a decisive victory that led to his entry into Riyadh.

• After taking control in 1305 AH, Muhammad appointed Salem bin Subhan as governor again. This move indicated a consolidation of power and a strategic maneuvering within the region.

Consequences and Final Outcomes

• Abdul Rahman faced increasing pressure as he feared losing authority over Riyadh. His actions were driven by concerns regarding his governance amidst rising tensions with Muhammad bin Abdullah.

• Despite attempts to negotiate peace through agreements involving Salem’s release, Abdul Rahman's position remained vulnerable due to Muhammad's military successes. Ultimately, this led to further confrontations that would define the fate of Saudi Arabia during this period.