Comunicacion verbal y no verbal

Communication: Verbal and Non-Verbal

Verbal Communication

• Verbal communication, also known as oral communication, utilizes voice to express thoughts and feelings through words. It is characterized by spontaneity, informality, and the use of idioms.

• Chomsky describes language as a finite or infinite set of actions constructed from a finite set of elements. Luria defines it as a system of codes that designate objects, actions, qualities, and relationships in the external world.

• The Royal Spanish Academy defines language as an individual's unique style and manner of speaking or writing. Language consists of units called linguistic signs.

• The acquisition and use of language enable specific forms of social interaction and behavior. Written language transcribes spoken sounds, allowing for mastery over written expression.

• A sign evokes or represents another idea; it serves as a perceptible stimulus that conveys information about something distinct from itself.

Non-Verbal Communication

• Non-verbal communication encompasses signals not expressed through words—such as gestures, body movements, facial expressions, proximity, touch, tone of voice, attire—which complement verbal communication.

• Functions of non-verbal communication include:

• Repeating: Reinforces what has been said verbally.

• Substituting: Non-verbal cues can replace verbal requests (e.g., raising hands for silence).

• Contradicting: Body language may contradict spoken words (e.g., showing disinterest despite stating importance).

• Complementing: Enhances the verbal message by adding emphasis.

• Regulating: Controls conversational flow through body position or eye contact.

Types of Non-Verbal Communication

• Types include:

• Kinesics (Body Language): Involves gestures and movements reflecting emotions; includes emblems that substitute for specific phrases.

• Paralinguistics: Studies vocal aspects like tone and rhythm that convey messages beyond words.

• Proxemics (Space Use): Examines how personal space affects interpersonal relationships.

Kinesics

• Kinesics studies bodily movements; functions include:

• Signs of affection reflect emotional states which can reinforce or contradict verbal messages.

• Control signs monitor interactions to ensure understanding during conversations.

Paralinguistics

• Paralinguistics focuses on vocal expressions beyond words—qualities such as pitch and volume influence message delivery.

Proxemics

• Proxemics analyzes personal space usage:

• Intimate distance (0 to 0.5m): Allows close physical contact with loved ones.

Understanding Social Distances and Territoriality

Social Distancing in Informal Settings

• The typical social distance shared among friends is between 1.5 to 3 meters, which is commonly observed during informal interactions such as gatherings or classmate meetings.

Public Distance and Communication

• A public distance of over 3.5 meters makes it difficult to discern facial details, yet communication remains possible without strain; this distance is often used in formal business transactions.

Concept of Territoriality

• Territoriality involves an individual's or group's identification with a specific space, indicating ownership and the willingness to defend that territory.

Types of Territories

• Primary Territories: These include personal belongings and spaces owned by the individual, often indicated through possessive terms (e.g., my, your).

• Secondary Territories: These are areas not owned but associated with an individual, like a preferred seat in a classroom.